Species Diversity of Gelidium from Southern Madagascar Evaluated by an Integrative Taxonomic Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Molecular Phylogeny
3.2. Gelidium leptum G.H.Boo, L.Le Gall, and H.S.Yoon, sp. nov.
3.3. Gelidium sclerophyllum W.R.Taylor
3.4. Gelidium usmanghanii Afaq-Husain and Shameel
4. Discussion
4.1. Taxonomic Implication
4.2. Biogeographic Implication
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Voucher Code | Collection Information | cox1 | rbcL |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gelidium leptum | PC0171748-1 (MAD1729-1) | Baie des Galions, Madagascar (25°08′48″ S, 46°45′00″ E); 15.v.2010; E.Coppejans | OP137177 | OP137188 |
G. leptum | PC0171748-2 (MAD1729-2) | Baie des Galions, Madagascar; 15.v.2010; E.Coppejans | NA | NA |
G. leptum | PC0171748-3 (MAD1729-3) | Baie des Galions, Madagascar; 15.v.2010; E.Coppejans | NA | NA |
G. sclerophyllum | PC0166239 (MAD0272) | Plage monseigneur, Fort Dauphin, Madagascar (25°02′09″ S, 46°59′54″ E); 2.v.2010; F.Rousseau, R.Anderson, and J.Tsarahevitra | OP137178 | OP137189 |
G. sclerophyllum | PC0166638 (MAD0671) | Flacourt, Madagascar (25°01′42″ S, 47°00′06″ E); 13.v.2010; F.Rousseau, R.Anderson, and J.Tsarahevitra | OP137179 | OP137190 |
G. sclerophyllum | UC1884229 | near northern limit of Bahia San Francisco, Esmeraldas, Ecuador; 11.ii.1934; W.R.Taylor | NC_031839 | OP137191 |
G. sclerophyllum | CNU058300 | Cabo San Lucas, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico; 01.iii.2014 | OP137180 | OP137192 |
G. sclerophyllum | CNU058302 | Cabo San Lucas, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico; 01.iii.2014 | OP137181 | NA |
G. sclerophyllum | CNU058303 | Cabo San Lucas, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico; 01.iii.2014 | OP137182 | NA |
G. sclerophyllum | HEC11579 | Weligama, Sri Lanka; 07.i.1997 | OP137183 | NA |
G. sclerophyllum | HEC15932 | Polhena Beach, Matara, Sri Lanka; 16.viii.2006 | OP137184 | OP137193 |
G. sclerophyllum | HEC16123 | Hikkaduwa, Sri Lanka; 02.i.2007 | OP137185 | NA |
G. sclerophyllum | ARS00825 | West Beach, Ewa Beach, Oahu, Hawai’i, USA; 3.iii.1985 | OP137186 | NA |
G. usmanghanii | PC0166570-2 (MAD0603-2) | Sud de la baie, Lokaro, Madagascar (24°57′00″ S, 47°06′30″ E); 12.v.2010; F.Rousseau, R.Anderson, and J.Tsarahevitra | OP137187 | OP137194 |
G. usmanghanii | PC0166570-3 (MAD0603-3) | Sud de la baie, Lokaro, Madagascar; 12.v.2010; F.Rousseau, R.Anderson, and J.Tsarahevitra | NA | NA |
Gelidium leptum G.H.Boo, L.Le Gall, and H.S.Yoon | Gelidium sclerophyllum W.R.Taylor | Gelidium usmanghanii Afaq-Husain and Shameel | Gelidium amansii (J.V.Lamouroux) J.V.Lamouroux | Gelidium applanatum Stegenga, Bolton, and R.J.Anderson | Gelidium arenarium Kylin | Gelidium minusculum (Weber-van Bosse) R.E. Norris | Gelidium reptans (Suhr) Kylin | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type locality | Baie des Galions, southern Madagascar | at a depth of 5.4 m near the northeast side of Ensenada de San Francisco, Esmeraldas, Ecuador | Buleji, Karachi, Pakistan | Madagascar | at a depth of 15 m, Vulcan Rock off Hout Bay, Cape Peninsula, South Africa | Isipingo Beach, south of Durban, South Africa | Indonesia | Cape of Good Hope, South Africa |
Habitat | intertidal | intertidal to subtidal, on crustose coralline algae, barnacles, attached mollusks | on margins and vertical side of protected rock or boulders | on the coast | Subtidal, on Pyura stolonifera | lower intertidal | Mvoti River region, north Durban | upper intertidal to shallow subtidal, on rocks, or on limpets or barnacles |
Thallus size | up to 5.5 cm | up to 2.5 cm | up to 7 cm | about 15 cm | up to 0.5 cm | 3–6 cm | about 0.2 cm | 0.5–2 cm |
Erect axes | thin, slender, and flattened | terete to compressed proximally, flattened distally | flattened, distorted | cylindrical to compressed | foliaceous, simple to cuneate | terete, slender, about 250 μm in diam. | simple, flattened lanceolate, entangled | flattened or partly terete, about 1 mm wide |
Branches | alternate to irregular, distichous, thin and flattened | 2–3 orders of subopposite to alternate, constricted basally | irregular, cuneate basally, densely | alternate, mostly secondary, distichous | irregularly branched | irregular | irregular | irregular, with entire margin |
Ultimate branches | irregular branchlets | pinnate branchlets, clavate | foliose, without pinnate branchlets | simple branchlets | sometimes marginal proliferations, irregularly arising | simple to trichotomous | simple, flattened | simple, without pinnate branchlets |
Apex | attenuated | obtuse to retuse | retuse or protruding | gradually attenuated | retuse | - | obtuse | roundish |
Surface cortical cells | angular to rounded, arranged in pairs or randomly | globose to cuboid, arranged randomly | angular to rounded, arranged randomly | - | - | larger than surface cells of G. crinale | - | angular, arranged randomly |
Cortical layers | 3–4 layers of angular to elongate cells | 4–5 layers of angular to elongate cells | 3–4 layers of rectangular cells | 5–7 layers of roundish or angular cells | 3–4 layers of rectangular cells | - | 3–4 layers of rectangular cells | 2–3 layers of small cells |
Medulla | 3–4 layers of thick-walled cells transversally or filamentous cells longitudinally | 2–3 layers of elongate, thick-walled cells | 2–3 layers of elongate cells | 4–5 layers of thick-walled cells | 3–4 layers of irregularly shaped cells | - | 4–5 layers of various shaped cells with a row of round cell in the center | 4–5 layers of thick-walled filaments |
Thick-walled cells | compactly arranged in inner cortex and medulla | rarely occurring in medulla from Costa Rican specimens | absent | compactly arranged in medulla | absent | absent | absent | loosely arranged in medulla |
Rhizoidal filaments | rare at the margin of branches | abundant in both inner cortex and medulla | congested in medulla | abundant in inner cortex | rare in medulla | sparse in medulla | abundant in medulla | in medulla |
Cystocarps | - | bilocular | bilocular, with 1-2 ostioles on opposite sides | - | bilocular, ostioles on opposite sides, subapically on the lobes | - | - | bilocular with ostioles on opposite side |
Spermatangia | - | sori on ultimate branchlets | - | - | - | - | present in cultured plants | - |
Tetrasporangial sori | elongate at the apices of branches, without sterile margin, roundish parasporangial cluster | with wide sterile margin | with wide sterile margin | apiculate, up to 1 mm broad, short stalks, not geniculate | - | on spatulate apices with sterile margin or on trichotomous apices | - | on slightly widened apices, with sterile margin |
Tetrasporangia | irregularly arranged, 19–30 × 31–48 µm in size, decussately divided | irregularly arranged, 18–22 × 21–27 µm in size, cruciately or decussately divided | irregularly arranged, 25–31 × 34–41 µm in size, cruciately or decussately divided | - | - | irregularly arranged on sori, about 30 µm in diam. | - | V-shaped arrangement |
DNA sequences | rbcL, cox1 from type specimen | rbcL, cox1, COI-5P, mitogenome from type specimen | rbcL from topotype material, cox1 and Madagascar | - | - | - | - | - |
Distribution | southern Madagascar | southern Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Hawai’i, Mexico to Costa Rica | Oman, Pakistan, southern Madagascar | Madagascar | South Africa | Kenya, South Africa | Australia, South Africa, Mediterranean Sea, Indonesia | South Africa, Mozambique |
References | The present study | The present study, [43,44,54] | The present study, [50,51,52] | [7,25,55,56,57,58] | [59] | [60,61] | [61] | [60,61] |
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Boo, G.H.; Le Gall, L.; Hwang, I.K.; Rousseau, F.; Yoon, H.S. Species Diversity of Gelidium from Southern Madagascar Evaluated by an Integrative Taxonomic Approach. Diversity 2022, 14, 826. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14100826
Boo GH, Le Gall L, Hwang IK, Rousseau F, Yoon HS. Species Diversity of Gelidium from Southern Madagascar Evaluated by an Integrative Taxonomic Approach. Diversity. 2022; 14(10):826. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14100826
Chicago/Turabian StyleBoo, Ga Hun, Line Le Gall, Il Ki Hwang, Florence Rousseau, and Hwan Su Yoon. 2022. "Species Diversity of Gelidium from Southern Madagascar Evaluated by an Integrative Taxonomic Approach" Diversity 14, no. 10: 826. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14100826