Middle Miocene (Langhian and Lower Serravallian/Badenian) Scallops (Bivalvia: Pectinidae) from the Precious Collections of the Croatian Natural History Museum
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Setting
3. Materials and Methods
- -
- (Maximum) valve length, L: the maximum dimension from the anterior to posterior margin of the valve;
- -
- (Maximum) valve height, H: perpendicular to the length; the maximum dimension from the dorsal to the ventral margin of the valve;
- -
- Umbonal angle, α: an angle with sides tangential to the anterior and posterior margin of the valve;
- -
- Valve convexity, C: the maximum inflation of the valve(s).
4. Systematic Part (following [42,43])
- Order Pectinida Gray, 1854
- Superfamily Pectinoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Family Pectinidae Rafinesque, 1815
- vp. 1944 Aequipecten scabrellus Lmk.—Kochansky, p. 239.
- Materials: one specimen from Medvednica Mt. found in marls (Figure 1, Supplement S1).
- Remarks: Due to the preservation state not possible to determine the specimen.
- vp. 1944 Chlamys sp.—Kochansky, p. 239.
- Materials: two juvenile specimens found in corrallinacean calcarenites on Medvednica Mt. (Figure 1, Supplement S1).
- Remarks: Due to the growth stage of the specimens, it is not possible to give a more detailed determination.
- Subfamily Pectininae Rafinesque, 1815
- Tribe Pectinini Rafinesque, 1815
(Figure 5(1–3)) |
- *1837 Pecten nodosiformis M. de Serres—Pusch, p. 42, pl. 5, fig. 9a–c.
- 1867 Pecten latissimus Brocc.—Hörnes, p. 395, pl. 56, figs. 1–4, pl. 57, figs. 1–4.
- v1873 Pecten latissimus Brocc.—Pilar, p. 92.
- 1897 Macrochlamys latissima Br.—Sacco, p. 32, pl. 9, fig. 5, pl. 10, figs. 1–5.
- 1939 Chlamys latissima Brocchi—Roger, p. 37, pl. 18, fig. 1, pl. 19, fig. 1, pl. 28, fig. 1.
- v1944 Macrochlamys (Nodipecten) latissimus Brocc.—Kochansky, p. 240.
- v1944 Lyropecten melii Ugol.—Kochansky, p. 240.
- v1957 Chlamys latissima nodosiformis (Pusch)—Kochansky-Devidé, p. 43.
- 1960 Chlamys latissimi (Brocchi)—Csepreghy-Meznerics, p. 33, pl. 30, pl. 31.
- 1960 Chlamys latissima nodosiformis (de Serres)—Csepreghy-Meznerics, p. 33, pl. 26, figs.
- 1–5, pl. 27, figs. 1–2,
- pl. 28, figs. 1–2, pl. 29, figs. 1–2, pl. 32, figs. 1–2.
- 1977 Chlamys latissima nodosiformis (De Serres)—Nicorici, p. 132, pl. 13, pl. 14, fig. 1, pl. 15, figs. 1–4.
- 1978 Chlamys (Macrochlamys) latissima nodosiformis (De Serres, 1829)—Steininger et al., p. 345, pl. 10, figs. 2,3.
- 1985 Chlamys (Macrochlamys) latissimus nodosiformis (Serres in Pusch, 1837)—Atanacković, p. 38, pl. 5, fig. 3.
- 1988 Chlamys (Macrochlamis) Iatissima nodosiformis (de Serres in Pusch, 1837)—Studencka
- & Studencki, p. 26,
- text-pl. 4, pl. 5, fig. 1a–b.
- 2001 Gigantopecten nodosiformis (Pusch, 1837)—Schultz, p. 249, pl. 36, fig. 3, pl. 37, figs. 1, 2, pl. 38, fig. 2, pl. 39.
- 2004 Macrochlamis nodosiformis (de Serres in Pusch, 1837)—Mandic, p. 141, fig. 6.1,2.
- v2017 Gigantopecten nodosiformis (de Serres in Pusch, 1837)—Bošnjak, p. 91, pl. 4, fig. 4.
- 2019 Gigantopecten nodosiformis (Pusch, 1837)—Studencka, p. 11, textfigs. 2–4.
- Material: six shells, 11 valves and 25 valve fragments from Medvednica Mt. (part of them found in the “Litavac limestone” and Lithothamnion bioclastic limestone), Glinsko Pokuplje (one specimen found in the Lithothamnion bioclastic limestone), Ivanščica Mt., Psunj Mt. and Moslavina (Figure 1, Supplements S1 and S2).
- Remarks: Specimens are consistent with the descriptions referred to in the synonymy. This species is in the CNHM collections, represented under a few names (Supplement S1): Pecten latissimus, Lyropecten melii, Lyropecten nodosiformis, Chlamys latissima nodosiformis. Species G. nodosiformis is in the Badenian deposits of Northern Croatia, mostly recorded in the Lithothamnion limestone and the “Litavac limestone” (e.g., [4,5]).
- Distribution: Early Miocene (Karpatian)?, Middle Miocene (Badenian) of the Central Paratethys, common in the Badenian ([41,44] and the references therein). Present in the Mediterranean to the NE Atlantic; occurred in the Early Miocene (Burdigalian), and present there in the Middle and Late Miocene ([41,44] and the references therein).
(Figure 5(4,5)) |
- *1829 Pecten Tournali Nobis.—Serres, p. 263–264, pl. 6, fig. 1.
- 1867 Pecten tournali Serres—Hörnes, p. 398, pl. 58, figs. 1–6.
- v1944 Inaequipecten tournali Serr.—Kochansky, p. 242.
- 1939 Chlamys tournali De Serres—Roger, p. 19, pl. 2, fig. 4, pl. 3, fig. 1, pl. 4, fig. 1, pl. 8, fig.
- 1, pl. 9, fig. 1, pl. 10,
- figs.1–2.
- 1960 Chlamys tournali (de Serres)—Csepreghy-Meznerics, p. 32, pl.23, figs. 3–5, pl. 24, fig. 2, pl. 25, figs. 1–2.
- 1977 Chlamys tournali (De Serres)—Nicorici, p. 131, pl. 12, fig. 4.
- 1978 Chlamys (Macrochlamys) tournali—Steininger et al., p. 345, pl. 9, fig. 1.
- 2001 Gigantopecten tournali (de Serres, 1829)—Schultz, p. 254, pl. 41, figs. 1, 2.
- 2004 Macrochlamis tournali (de Serres, 1829)—Mandic, p. 142, fig. 6.3,4.
- v2017 Gigantopecten tournali (de Serres, 1829)—Bošnjak, p. 92, pl. 4, fig. 5.
- vp.2017 Flabellipecten sp.—Bošnjak, p. 89, pl. 4, fig. 2.
- Material: Two left and one right valve found in the “Litavac limestone” on Medvednica Mt. (Figure 1, Supplements S1 and S2).
- Remarks: CNHM specimens are consistent with the descriptions referred to in the synonymy. Specimen Inv. No. 6.458./1606. is in [12] erroneously described as Flabellipecten sp.
(Figure 6(1–7)) |
- *1819 Pecten solarium—Lamarck, p. 179, Nr. 1.
- 1867 Pecten besseri Andrz.—Hörnes, p. 404, pl. 62, figs. 1,2 (?: pl. 63, figs. 1−5).
- v1873 Pecten besseri Andrz.—Pilar, p. 93.
- v1873 Pecten rollei Hörnes—Pilar, p. 93.
- vp.1873 Pecten flabelliformis Defrance—Pilar, p. 93.
- vp.1944 Aequipecten opercularis L.—Kochansky, p. 239.
- v1944 Flabellipecten incrassatus Partsch—Kochansky, p. 242.
- v1944 Flabellipecten besseri Andrz.—Kochansky, p. 242.
- vp.1944 Flabellipecten besseri Andrzejowski– Kochansky, p. 242.
- 1957 Pecten pseudobeudanti Depéret & Roman—Kochansky-Devidé, p. 39.
- 1960 Flabellipecten solarium (Lamarck)—Csepreghy-Meznerics, p. 15, pl. 7, figs. 3–7, pl. 8, figs. 1–3.
- 1960 Chlamys (Oopecten) solarium (Lamarck, 1819)—Kojumdgieva, p. 67, pl. 23, fig. 1.
- 1977 Chlamys solarium (Lamarck)—Nicorici, p. 131, pl. 11, fig. 1, pl. 12, figs. 1–3.
- 1978 Pecten (Flabellipecten) solarium—Steininger et al., p. 346, pl. 10, figs. 3–7, pl. 11, fig. 1.
- 2001 Flabellipecten solarium (Lamarck, 1819)—Schultz, p. 236 (pars).
- 2003 Flabellipecten solarium (Lamarck, 1819)—Bongrain, p. 671, figs. 3, 4A–C.
- 2004 Oopecten solarium (Lamarck, 1819)—Mandic, p. 140, fig. 5.8.
- v2017 Oopecten solarium (Lamarck, 1819)—Bošnjak, p. 90, pl. 4, fig. 3.
- vp.2017 Aequipecten opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758)—Bošnjak, p. 81.
- vp.2017 Flabellipecten besseri (Andrzejowski, 1830)—Bošnjak, p. 88.
- vp.2017 Flabellipecten sp.—Bošnjak, p. 89.
- Material: four shells, 12 valves and 16 fragments from Glinsko Pokuplje (one specimen found in the “Litavac limestone”), Medvednica Mt. (from the “Litavac limestone” and corrallinacean calcarenites) and Moslavačka gora Mt. (Figure 1, Supplements S1 and S2).
- Remarks: Classification in this paper follows the opinion of [41], where the author described characteristics of the species Oopecten solarium and discussed its classification in the literature. Some of the specimens are erroneously described in [12] as Aequipecten opercularis (Temp. Inv. No. VKD-120-6-2), Flabellipecten besseri (Inv. No. 6.459./1607., Temp. Inv. No. VKD-130-3) and Flabellipecten sp. (Inv. No. 6.457./1605., Temp. Inv. Nos. VKD-131-2-2, VKD-131-4) (Supplement S1). The right valve of the specimen with Temp. Inv. No. VKD-667 is determined as Oopecten aff. solarium (Figure 6(5); Supplements S1 and S2) since it shows differences in the number of ribs, height and in ear morphology compared to the descriptions in the synonymy (e.g., [46]). This CNHM specimen was originally described as Pecten pseudobeudanti Depéret & Roman [5] (p. 39), and in [47] (p. 38–39) as Flabellipecten solarium (Lamarck). One complete (Inv. No. 1096.1; [7] p. 93) and two incomplete (Temp. Inv. Nos. VKD-131-1-1 and VKD-131-3) valves (Figure 6(6,7); Supplements S1 and S2) are determined as Oopecten cf. solarium based on the visible diagnostic elements mostly corresponding to the species solarium. The latter two incomplete specimens were erroneously described as Flabellipecten besseri and Flabellipecten sp. in [12].
(Figure 6(8–10)) |
- *1830 Pecten Besseri Nobis—Andrzejowski, p. 103–104, Nr. 12, pl. 6, fig. 1.
- 1867 Pecten besseri Andrz.—Hörnes, p. 404, pl. 62, figs. 1,2 (?: pl. 63, figs. 1−5).
- vp.1873 Pecten flabelliformis Defrance—Pilar, p. 93.
- vp.1944 Flabellipecten besseri Andrz.—Kochansky, p. 242.
- 1960 Flabellipecten besseri (Andrzejowsky)—Csepreghy-Meznerics, p. 14, pl. 5, fig. 7, pl. 6, figs. 1,2.
- 1960 Pecten (Flabellipecten) besseri Andrzejowsky, 1830—Kojumdgieva, p. 66, pl. 22, figs. 3–5.
- 1977 Flabellipecten besseri (Andrzejowsky)—Nicorici, p. 128, pl. 4, figs. 1,2, pl. 5, figs. 1–4, pl. 6, fig. 1.
- 1978 Pecten (Flabellipecten) besseri Andrzejowsky, 1830—Steininger et al., p. 345, pl. 10, figs. 4,5; pl. 11, figs. 2,3.
- 1985 Pecten (Flabellipecten) besseri Andrzejowsky, 1830—Atanacković, p. 42, pl. 6, figs. 6–8.
- 2001 Flabellipecten besseri (Andrzejowski, 1830)—Schultz, p. 227, pl. 21, figs. 2, 3.
- vp.2017 Flabellipecten besseri (Andrzejowski, 1830)—Bošnjak, p. 88.
- Material: two valves and one fragment found in the “Litavac limestone” in Glinsko Pokuplje and Medvednica Mt. (Figure 1, Supplements S1 and S2).
- Remarks: Part of the specimens determined as Pecten besseri in the CNHM documentation are here revised as Oopecten solarium (see Supplement S1). Kochansky [4] (p. 242) described the presence of Flabellipecten besseri in the same layers as Oopecten solarium (revised in this paper, originally Flabellipecten incrassatus), and noted a more abundant presence of the latter species in the Badenian deposits in the investigated area. One valve fragment (Inv. No. 5.947./1096.2; [7]) is determined as Flabellipecten cf. besseri (Figure 6(10); Supplement S1) based on the similarity of the ribs to the species besseri, but the dorsal part of the valve has not been preserved.
- Distribution: Middle Miocene, Badenian in the Central Paratethys [48].
(Figure 7(1–3)) |
- *1847 Pecten revolutus mihi—Michelotti, p. 87, Nr.4.
- 1897 Pecten revolutus Micht.—Sacco, p. 63, pl. 20, figs. 10–15.
- v1944 Pecten revolutus Micht.—Kochansky, p. 243, pl. 13, figs. 3,4.
- 1960 Pecten revolutus Michelotti—Csepreghy-Meznerics, p. 12, pl. 4, figs. 8,9, pl. 5, figs. 1–3.
- 1977 Pecten revolutus Michelotti—Nicorici, p. 126, pl. 3, figs. 1–4.
- 1978 Pecten (O.) revolutus Mich.—Steininger et al., p. 341, pl. 12, fig. 1.
- 2001 Oppenheimopecten revolutus (Michelotti, 1847)—Schultz, p. 261, pl. 40, fig. 2a + b.
- v2017 Pecten revolutus Michelotti, 1847—Bošnjak, p. 94, pl. 5, fig. 1.
- Material: one shell, 16 valves and two fragments from Medvednica Mt. (part of them found in the “Litavac limestone” and corrallinacean calcarenites) and Moslavina (Figure 1, Supplements S1 and S2).
- Remarks: Specimens described in detail in [4] and consistent with the description referred to in the synonymy.
(Figure 7(4,5)) |
- *1830 Pecten aduncus, m.—Eichwald, p. 213, Fussnote 96.
- v1944 Pecten cf. benedictus Lmk.—Kochansky, p. 243.
- 1960 Pecten aduncus Eichwald—Csepreghy-Meznerics, p. 9, pl. 1, figs. 1–7, pl. 2, figs. 1–3.
- 1960 Pecten (Pecten) aduncus Eichwald, 1853—Kojumdgieva, p. 65, pl. 22, figs. 1, 2.
- 1977 Pecten aduncus Eichwald—Nicorici, p. 125, pl. 1, figs. 1–5, pl. 2, figs. 1–3.
- 1978 Pecten (Oppenheimopecten) aduncus—Steininger et al., p. 346, pl. 12, figs. 2–5.
- 1985 Pecten (Pecten) aduncus Eichwald, 1830—Atanacković, p. 42, pl. VI, figs. 3,4,5.
- 2001 Oppenheimopecten aduncus (Eichwald, 1830)—Schultz, p. 257, pl. 43, figs. 1a + b, 2a + b.
- 2013 Pecten aduncus Eichwald, 1830—Harzhauser et al., p. 368, pl. 3, figs. 1–2.
- v2017 Pecten aduncus Eichwald, 1830—Bošnjak, p. 94, pl. 4, fig. 6.
- v2017 Pecten cf. benedictus Lamarck, 1819—Bošnjak, p. 96, pl. 5, fig. 3.
- Material: one complete shell and one left valve from Medvednica Mt. (valve found in the “Litavac limestone”) (Figure 1, Supplements S1 and S2).
- Distribution: Badenian in the Paratethys, Middle to Upper Miocene of the Mediterranean and NE Atlantic [50].
(Figure 8(1–3)) |
- *1879 Pecten Styriacus Hilb.—Hilber, p. 455, 456, 464, pl. 6, figs. 13–15.
- vp.1873 Pecten flabelliformis Defrance—Pilar, p. 93.
- vp.1944 Aequipecten opercularis L.—Kochansky, p. 239.
- v1944 Pecten fuchsi Font.—Kochansky, p. 243.
- 2001 Pecten subarcuatus styriacus Hilber, 1879—Schultz, p. 271, pl. 42, figs. 2, 3.
- 2004 Pecten subarcuatus styriacus Hilber, 1879—Mandic, p. 142, fig. 7.
- vp.2017 Aequipecten opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758)—Bošnjak, p. 81.
- v2017 ? Pecten fuchsi Tournouer, 1874—Bošnjak, p. 95, pl. 5, fig. 2.
- Material: four valves and seven valve fragments from Glinsko Pokuplje and Medvednica Mt. (found in the “Litavac limestone” and marls) (Figure 1, Supplements S1 and S2).
- Remarks: The classification of the specimens follows the opinion of [41]. Specimens under the Temp. Inv. Nos. VKD-133 and VKD-120-2 (Figure 8(1–3), Supplement S1) erroneously described as presumably Pecten fuchsi and Aequipecten opercularis in [12] following the opinion of [4].
- Distribution: According to [41] and the references therein, Pecten subarcuatus styriacus inhabited the Central Paratethys from the late Eggenburgian to late Badenian.
(Figure 8(4–6)) |
- *1882 Pleuronectia Badensis—Fontannes, p. 199.
- p.1867 Pecten cristatus Bronn.—Hörnes, p. 419, pl. 66, fig. 1.
- v1873 Pecten (Pleuronectes) cristatus Bronn—Pilar, p. 93.
- 1902 Amussium cristatum Bronn.—Depéret & Roman, p. 171, pl. 26, figs. 1–4, pl. 27, fig. 1.
- 1902 Amussium cristatum mutation badense Fontannes—Depéret & Roman, p. 174, pl. 25, figs. 1–6.
- 1929. Pecten sp.?—Šuklje, p. 6.
- v1944 Amussium cristatum Bronn.—Kochansky, p. 241.
- v1957 Amussium cristatum badense (Fontannes)—Kochansky-Devidé, p. 41.
- 1960 Amussium cristatum badense Fontannes—Csepreghy-Meznerics, p. 18, pl. 34, figs. 7–11.
- 1963 Amussium (Amussium) cristatum badense Fontannes—Atanacković, p. 62, pl. 6, fig. 6, 6a.
- 1977 Amussium cristatum badense (Fontannes)—Nicorici, p. 130, pl. 9, figs. 1–5, pl. 10, figs. 1–4.
- 1978 Amussium cristatum badense (Fontannes, 1879)—Steininger et al., p. 342, pl. 6, figs. 1–4.
- 1985 Amussium (Amussium) cristatum badensis (Fontanes, 1880)—Atanacković, p. 36, pl. 2, figs. 13,14.
- 2001 Amussium cristatum badense (Fontannes, 1882)—Schultz, p. 157, pl. 15, fig. 13.
- 2004 Costellamussiopecten cristatus badense (Fontannes, 1882)—Mandic, p. 140, figs. 5.5–7.
- v2017 Costellamussiopecten cristatus badense (Fontannes, 1882)—Bošnjak, p. 83, pl. 3, fig. 2.
- Material: 18 valves and 11 valve fragments from Glinsko Pokuplje, Zaprešić Brijeg hill and Medvednica Mt. (majority of them found in clayey marls with sand intercalations, and one specimen in marls) (Figure 1, Supplements S1 and S2).
- Remarks: Classification with Costellamussiopecten follows [41], given that Cristatopecten Bongrain & Cahuzac, 2004 [51] is its junior subjective synonym. One specimen (Inv. No. 6.224./1372.; [9]) originally described as Pecten sp. is here determined as Costellamussiopecten cf. cristatus badense (Fontannes, 1882) due to its similarity of exterior valve characteristics with this subspecies (Figure 8(6)).
- Distribution: The Karpatian to Badenian of the Central Paratethys, and the Burdigalian to Messinian of the Mediterranean to NE Atlantic (from [41], p. 140).
- Tribe Aequipectinini von Teppner, 1922
(Figure 9(1–3)) |
- *1830 Pecten elegans—Andrzejowski, p. 102–103, pl. 5, fig. 5a,b.
- 1867 Pecten elegans Andrz.—Hörnes, p. 416, pl. 64, fig. 6.
- vp.1873 Pecten scabrellus Lamarck—Pilar, p. 93.
- vp.1929 Pecten scabrellus Lamarck—Šuklje, p. 6.
- 1939 Chlamys elegans Andrzejowski—Roger, p. 111, pl. 14, figs. 4–6.
- v1944 Pecten (Chlamys) elegans Andrz.—Kochansky, p. 239.
- vp.1944 Aequipecten scabrellus Lmk.—Kochansky, p. 239.
- 1960 Chlamys elegans (Andrzejowsky)—Csepreghy-Meznerics, p. 19, pl. 11, figs. 9−16, pl. 12, fig. 1.
- 1977 Chlamys elegans elegans Andrzejowsky—Nicorici, p. 137, pl. 24, figs. 1–3, pl. 25, figs. 1–6, pl. 26, figs. 1–5, pl. 27, figs. 1–6.
- 1978 Chlamys (Aequipecten) elegans (Andrzejowsky, 1830)—Steininger et al., p. 343, pl. 7, figs. 4–7.
- 1985 Chlamys (Aequipecten) elegans (Andrzejowsky, 1830)—Atanacković, p. 39, pl. 4, figs. 1−3.
- 2001 Aequipecten elegans (Andrzejowski, 1830)—Schultz, p. 188, pl. 17, fig. 13.
- vp.2017 Aequipecten scabrella (Lamarck, 1819)—Bošnjak, p. 83.
- v2017 Aequipecten elegans (Andrzejowski, 1830)—Bošnjak, p. 80, pl. 2, fig. 4.
- Material: shells, valves and one fragment from Glinsko Pokuplje, Zaprešić Brijeg hill and Medvednica Mt. (part of them found in the “Litavac limestone”, Lithothamnion bioclastic limestone and marls) (Figure 1, Supplements S1 and S2).
- Description: rounded valves with 9 to 10 prominent radial ribs; secondary riblets (3–4) can be seen at ribs as well as in ribs’ interspaces; on the exterior surface prominent commarginal lines present; auricles ornamented with ribs.
(Figure 9(4,5)) |
- *1847 Pecten macrotis—Sowerby in Smith, p. 420, pl. 17, fig. 15.
- vp.1929 Pecten scabrellus Lamarck—Šuklje, p. 6.
- v1944 Chlamys sp.—Kochansky, p. 239.
- v1944 Aequipecten opercularis L.—Kochansky, p. 239.
- vp.1944 Aequipecten scabrellus Lmk.—Kochansky, p. 239.
- 2001 Aequipecten macrotis macrotis (Sowerby, 1847)—Schultz, p. 192, pl. 18, fig. 2a + b.
- 2004 Aequipecten macrotis (Sowerby in Smith, 1847)—Mandic, p. 138, fig. 5.1,2.
- vp.2017 Chlamys sp.—Bošnjak, p. 76.
- vp.2017 Aequipecten opercularis (Linneaus, 1758)—Bošnjak, p. 81.
- vp.2017 Aequipecten scabrella (Lamarck, 1819)—Bošnjak, p. 83.
- v2017 Aequipecten sp.—Bošnjak, p. 84.
- 2020 Aequipecten macrotis (Sowerby in Smith, 1847)—Mandic et al., p. 68, fig. 6I.
- Material: valves and fragments from Zaprešić Brijeg hill, Moslavina and Medvednica Mt. (part of them found in the “Litavac limestone”, corrallinacean calcarenites and marls; all specimens of Aequipecten cf. macrotis found in the “Litavac limestone”) (Figure 1, Supplements S1 and S2).
- Remarks: This species has 18–24 primary ribs. The CNHM specimens’ descriptions are consistent with the descriptions referred to in the synonymy. Fragments under the Temp. Inv. No. VKD-122 (Supplement S1) are determined as Aequipecten cf. macrotis (Sowerby in Smith, 1847).
(Figure 9(6)) |
- *1831 Pecten malvinae—Du Bois de Montpéreux, p. 71, 72, pl. 8, figs. 2,3.
- vp.1944 Aequipecten opercularis L.—Kochansky, p. 239.
- vp.1944 Chlamys sp.—Kochansky, p. 238.
- 1978 Chlamys (Aequipecten) malvinae (Dubois, 1851)—Steininger et al., p. 342, pl. 7, figs. 2,3.
- 1986 Chlamys (Aequipecten) malvinae (du Bois de Montpéreux, 1831)—Studencka, p. 35, pl. 4, figs. 4,7,10
- 2001 Aequipecten malvinae (Dubois de Montpéreux, 1831)—Schultz, p. 197, pl. 18, figs. 4,5
- 2004 Aequipecten malvinae (Dubois, 1831)—Mandic, p. 138, fig. 5.3,4.
- vp. 2017 Aequipecten opercularis (Linneaus, 1758)—Bošnjak, p. 81.
- vp.2017 Chlamys sp.—Bošnjak, p. 74.
- Material: fragments and one valve from Medvednica Mt. found in the “Litavac limestone” and corrallinacean calcarenites; a specimen of Aequipecten cf. malvinae found in clayey marls with sand intercalations (Figure 1, Supplements S1 and S2).
- Remarks: This species has 27–30 ribs, with 2–3 lateral ones [48]. Descriptions of the CNHM specimens are consistent with the descriptions referred to in the synonymy. One specimen (Temp. Inv. No. VKD-117-1-1; Figure 9(6), Supplement S1) is determined as Aequipecten cf. malvinae (Du Bois de Montpéreux, 1831).
- Distribution: Badenian of the Central Paratethys; Tarkhanian and Konkian of the Eastern Paratethys; Burdigalian to Tortonian of the Mediterranean and NE Atlantic (from [41]).
(Figure 9(7–9)) |
- *1819 Pecten scabrellus—Lamarck, p. 183.
- vp.1873 Pecten scabrellus Lamarck—Pilar, p. 93.
- vp.1944 Chlamys sp.—Kochansky, p. 239.
- vp.1944 Aequipecten scabrellus Lmk.—Kochansky, p. 239.
- 1960 Chlamys scabrella (Lamarck)—Csepreghy-Meznerics, p. 20, pl. 12, figs. 2−20.
- 1985 Chlamys (Aequipecten) seniensis (Lamarck, 1819)—Atanacković, p. 39, pl. 3, figs. 6,7.
- 1986 Chlamys (Aequipecten) scabrella (Lamarck, 1819)—Studencka, p. 38, pl. 3, fig. 9, pl. 4, figs. 1−4, 6.
- 2001 Aequipecten scabrellus (Lamarck, 1819)—Schultz, p. 202, pl. 18, figs. 6, 8−10.
- vp.2017 Chlamys sp.—Bošnjak, p. 76.
- vp.2017 Aequipecten scabrella (Lamarck, 1819)—Bošnjak, p. 83.
- Material: valves and fragments from Glinsko Pokuplje and Medvednica Mt. (part of them found in the “Litavac limestone”, corrallinacean calcarenites and marls) (Figure 1, Supplements S1 and S2).
- Remarks: This species has 15 to 21 ribs, mostly 18 to 19 [48]. Descriptions of the CNHM specimens are consistent with the descriptions referred to in the synonymy.
- Distribution: Early and Middle Miocene of the Central Paratethys; Tarkhanian of the Eastern Paratethys; Lower Miocene of the Western Paratethys; Miocene and Pliocene of the Mediterranean and NE Atlantic [48].
- vp.1929 Pecten scabrellus Lamarck—Šuklje, p. 6.
- vp.1944 Aequipecten opercularis L.—Kochansky, p. 239.
- vp.2017 Aequipecten opercularis (Linneaus, 1758)—Bošnjak, p. 81.
- Materials: fragments from Medvednica Mt. (found in the “Litavac limestone” and clayey marls with sand intercalations) and the Zaprešić Brijeg hill (Figure 1, Supplements S1 and S2).
- Remarks: Preserved valve fragments with rib morphology indicate the genus Aequipecten, due to the preservation state lacking the other diagnostic elements determined on the genus level.
- Tribe indet.
(Figure 10(1,2)) |
- Material: two valves from the Zaprešić Brijeg hill and Medvednica Mt. (Figure 1, Supplements S1 and S2).
- Description: rounded valves, pectinoid shape; slightly convex; one specimen (Inv. No. 6.223./1371.a; Figure 10(1)) on the anterior and posterior side fragmented with both auricles preserved, and the other one (Inv. No. 6.592./1738.; Figure 10(2)) anteriorly fragmented with one preserved auricle; exterior of the valve partially covered by radial ribs.
- Subfamily Camptonectinae Habe, 1977
(Figure 11) |
- *1791 Ostrea vitrea—Gmelin, 3328.
- v1944 Pseudamussium (Lissochlamys) sp.—Kochansky, p. 241.
- v1957 Chlamys auensis zollikoferi (Bittner)—Kochansky-Devidé, p. 41–43, pl. 1, figs. 1–3, pl. 2, figs. 1–7.
- 1978 Palliolum (Palliolum) zoellikoferi (Bittner, 1884)—Steininger et al., p. 342, pl. 6, figs. 5–8.
- 1986 Palliolum (Delectopecten) vitreum (Gmelin, 1791)—Studencka, p. 34–35.
- 2001 Palliolum (Palliolum) auense auense (Kittl, 1882)—Schultz, p. 166, pl. 15, fig. 5.
- 2015 Delectopecten vitreus (Gmelin, 1791)—Studencka, p. 311, text-fig. 3.
- v2017 Palliolum (Palliolum) auensis zollikoferi—Bošnjak, p. 77.
- Material: Specimens preserved as mold and imprint accumulations on marly plates. They are common in the Badenian clayey marls with sand intercalations on Medvednica Mt. and in the platy calcareous marls/limestones with high calcareous content from the Marijagorička Brda hills. Originally described as Valbersdorf [i.e., Walbersdorf] facies [4,5] (Figure 1, Supplements S1 and S2).
- Dimensions: Part of the specimens were first measured by [5]. New measurements are shown in Supplement S2. Maximum height—20.6 mm, minimum height—5.8 mm; maximum length—22 mm, minimum length—5.8 mm; maximum umbonal angle—134°, minimum umbonal angle—82°.
- Description: Valves subcircular to oval, exterior smooth, only few specimens have commarginal lines. Auricles are small and prominent. Ears on left valve not separated from the valve, ending perpendicularly. Anterior auricle of right valve has well-developed byssus notch and is pointed off valve. Clearly visible anterior ear ornamentation bears radial riblets. Hinge line straight. Specimens are described in detail in [4,5].
- Remarks: The characteristics of the revised specimens correspond to the species Delectopecten vitreus described in, e.g., [56,57,58,59]. Kochansky-Devidé [5] revised previously collected specimens described in [4], as well as new collected specimens. She determined the subspecies Chlamys auensis zoelikoferi based on valve shape, dimensions (length/height ratio value of around 1) and umbonal angle values (more than 110°). New measurements provided here (Supplement S2) show variability in dimensions, with the criteria of [5] not strong enough to determine the specimens as a subspecies. Diagenetic processes have also affected the shape of the shell. The shape and external ornamentation variability of Delectopecten vitreus is described in, e.g., [60,61] (after [57]). Bošnjak [12] fulfills the discussion on these specimens, mentioning the distribution of the Badenian horizon with “Chlamys auensis zollikoferi” in Northern Croatia.
- Distribution: In the Paratethys recorded in the upper Oligocene of the North Alpine Foreland Basin [62], and the Badenian deposits in Poland and Slovakia ([57] and the references therein), and Croatia ([4,5]; this paper). In the Mediterranean and the North Sea Basin dated to the Pliocene ([57,62] and the references therein).
- Subfamily Palliolinae Korobkov in Eberzin, 1960
- Tribe Pseudentoliini Waller, 2006
(Figure 12(1–6)) |
- *1867 Pecten denudatus Rss.—Reuss, p. 139, pl. 7, fig. 1.
- 1875 Pecten denudatus Reuss—Hörnes, p. 383, pl. 14, figs. 21–22.
- 1897 Pseudamussium corneum var. denudata Sacco—Sacco, p. 51, pl. 14, figs. 30–39.
- 1928 Amussium denudatum Reuss—Depéret & Roman, p. 187, textfig. 8, pl. 28, figs. 4, 4a, 5, 6, 6a, 7, 8.
- vp.1944 Amussium cristatum Bronn.—Kochansky, p. 241.
- v1944 Amussium corneum Sow. var. denudata Rss.—Kochansky, p. 242.
- v1957 Amussium denudatum (Reuss)—Kochansky-Devidé, p. 40, pl. 2, fig. 8.
- 1960 Amussium denudatum (Reuss)—Csepreghy-Meznerics, p. 18, pl. 34, figs. 13–14.
- 1960 Pseudamussium denudatum (Reuss, 1867)—Kojumdgieva, p. 85, pl. 1, figs. 12–13, pl. 2, figs. 1–2.
- 1985 Pseudamussium denudatum (Reuss, 1867) –Atanacković, p. 41, pl. 6, figs. 1–2.
- 2001 Lentipecten (Lentipecten) corneus denudatus (Reuss, 1867)—Schultz, p. 153, pl. 15, fig. 2.
- 2014 Lentipecten denudatus (Reuss 1867)—Mikuž & Gašparič, p. 157–158, pl. 1, fig. 3.
- 2015 Lentipecten corneus denudatus (Reuss, 1867)—Studencka, p. 103, fig. 4A-D.
- vp.2017 Costellamussiopecten cristatus badense (Fontannes, 1882)—Bošnjak, p. 85.
- v2017 Lentipecten denudatus (Reuss, 1867)—Bošnjak, p. 86, pl. 3, fig. 3.
- v2017 Lentipecten (Lentipecten) corneus denudatus (Reuss, 1867)—Bošnjak, p. 86, pl. 3, fig. 4.
- 2020 Korobkovia denudata (Reuss, 1867)—Mandic et al., p. 63–64, textfig. 5L.
- Material: twelve valve molds and imprints and five fragments from clayey marls with sand intercalations on Medvednica Mt. (Figure 1, Supplements S1 and S2).
- Remarks: Classification following the opinion of [55], where the authors revised the genus Korobkovia based on the ornamentation of the inner side of the left valve and remarked on the different opinion of [57]. According to the shell characteristics described in [13,55], weak radial ribs in the internal part of the left valve can be seen in several CNHM specimens. Specimens VKD-129 (Figure 12(1–6)) and VKD-130 were classified as Lentipecten (Lentipecten) corneus denudatus and Lentipecten denudatus in [12], as well as specimen VKD-128-4-1, which was classified as Costellamussiopecten cristatus badense, are here revised as Korobkovia denudata.
- Distribution: Ottnangian to Badenian of the Central Paratethys, Early to Middle Miocene of the Eastern Paratethys and Early to Late Miocene of the Mediterranean ([55] and the references therein).
- Tribe Palliolini Waller, 1991
(Figure 12(7)) |
- *1831 Pecten excisus n.—Bronn, p. 117.
- v1873 Pecten multicostulatus, sp.—Pilar, p. 93.
- v1874 Pecten multicostulatus, n. sp.—Pilar, p. 215, pl. 1, fig. 1.
- 1897 Pecten perlaevis Almera et Bofill—Almera & Bofill, p. 406, 407, pl. 7, fig. 1.
- 1939 Chlamys excisa Bronn—Roger, p. 88, pl. 12, figs. 4–7, pl. 21, fig. 1a–c.
- 1979 Palliolum (Lissochlamys) excisum (Bronn, 1831)—de Porta, p. 371.
- 2001 ? Palliolum (Lissochlamis) excisum (Bronn, 1831)—Schultz, p. 169.
- Material: one left valve from Glinsko Pokuplje (Figure 1, Supplements S1 and S2).
- Description: orbicular left valve outline; convex; disc exterior with numerous vaguely visible thin radial ribs; ears of similar length.
- Remarks: The description of the specimen is consistent with the descriptions referred to in the synonymy. There are rare data on this species in the literature regarding the Neogene deposits of the Paratethys. A CNHM specimen was originally described by [7,8] as a new species named Pecten multicostatus and collected from the Middle Miocene marls in Banovina. Its only known Middle Miocene counterpart outside Central Paratethys, originally named as Pecten perlaevis, is present in the Langhian deposits of San Vicente in Catalonia (Tarragona, NE Spain) [39,41]. According to [63] and the references therein, this species is mostly recorded in fine-grained sandstones of the Pliocene age.
- Subfamily Pedinae Bronn, 1862
(Figure 13(1)) |
- vp. Chlamys sp.—Kochansky, p. 238.
- vp. Chlamys sp.—Bošnjak, p. 76.
- Material: one valve from clayey marls with sand intercalations on Medvednica Mt. (Figure 1, Supplement S1).
- Description: A shell of chlamydoid shape; in part of the ventral margin of the valve visible numerous radial ribs, which are not clear in the valve dorsal margin. Ears partially preserved, not clear.
- Tribe Chlamydini von Teppner, 1922
(Figure 13(2,3)) |
- *1857 Pecten puymoriae Mayer—Mayer-Eymar, p. 377–378.
- 1920 Pecten (Manupecten) puymoriae May.—Dollfus & Dautzenberg, p. 422, pl. 42, figs. 5–13.
- 1939 Chlamys puymoriae Mayer-Eymar—Roger, p. 181, pl. 26, figs. 3–6, 8–12.
- v1944 Pecten (Manupecten) puymoriae Mayer—Kochansky, p. 240, pl. 13, fig. 2.
- v2017 ? Manupecten var. fasciculatus (Millet, 1854)—Bošnjak, p. 79, pl. 2, fig. 2.
- Material: one right valve found in the “Litavac limestone” from Medvednica Mt. (Figure 1, Supplements S1 and S2).
- Remarks: Due to the slightly eroded shell or poor preservation, not all fine characteristics stated in [39,64] are visible. Yet, a fine shell surface network is visible in some parts of the exterior side of the valve. This species is highly variable (e.g., [39]). Kochansky [4] gave a figure of the specimen housed in the CNHM collection (Table XIII, fig. 2; fig. 3c in [4]), but the same sample from the collection is missing the ear visible in the original paper (Figure 13(2,3)).
(Figure 13(4,5)) |
- 1867 Pecten reussi Hörnes—Hörnes, p. 407, pl. 64, fig. 1. [non d’Orbigny, 1850]
- *1897 Pecten linguafelis Almera et Bofill.—Almera & Bofill, p. 403, pl. 4, fig. 11.
- 1897 Manupecten pesfelis L.—Sacco, p. 36, pl. 12, fig. 1.
- 1939 Chlamys fasciculata Millet—Roger, p. 180, pl. 26, figs. 7, 13–17, text-fig. 91.
- v1944 Flexopecten pes-felis L.—Kochansky, p. 240.
- 1960 Chlamys fasciculata (Millet)—Csepreghy-Meznerics, p. 33, pl. 32, figs. 3–7.
- 1977 Chlamys fasciculata (Millet)—Nicorici, p. 145, pl. 35, fig. 2a–d, text-fig. 6.
- 1985 Chlamys (Manupecten) fasciculata (Millet)—Atanacković, p. 41, pl. 5, fig. 2.
- 2001 Manupecten fasciculatus (Millet, 1854)—Schultz, p. 219, pl. 19, fig. 11.
- v2017 Manupecten pesfelis (Linnaeus, 1758)—Bošnjak, p. 79, pl. 2, fig. 2.
- 2020 Manupecten linguafelis (Amlera & Bofill, 1897)—Mandic et al., p. 65, fig. 6A.
- Material: two valves found in corrallinacean calcarenites on Medvednica Mt. (Figure 1); one partially preserved with lower half of valve (Supplements S1 and S2).
- Remarks: Sacco [66] noted the variability of the species. Roger [39] differentiated the very similar species Manupecten pesfelis and M. fasciculata by the smaller number of ribs, shell outline and other characteristics. Mandic et al. [55] gave remarks on the validity of the name Manupecten linguafelis.
- Distribution: Ottnangian to Badenian of the Central Paratethys; Middle to Late Miocene of the Mediterranean and NE Atlantic (after [55] and the references therein).
(Figure 13(6,7)) |
- *1884 Pecten costai—Fontannes, p. 20–21, pl. 8, figs. 9,10.
- 1897 Chlamys gloriamaris Dub.—Sacco, p. 5, pl. 1, figs. 8–11.
- 1939 Chlamys costai (Font.)—Roger, p. 160, pl. 22, fig. 8; pl. 23, figs. 9–10.
- v1944 Chlamys aff. gloriamaris Dub.—Kochansky, p. 238.
- vp.1944 Chlamys tauroperstriata Sacco—Kochansky, p. 237.
- 1960 Chlamys costai (Fontannes)—Csepreghy-Meznerics, p. 25, pl. 16, fig. 3.
- 1977 Chlamys jakloweciana Kittl—Nicorici, p. 143–144, pl. 31, fig. 2a-c, pl. 42, fig. 2a-e.
- 2001 Chlamys costai (Fontannes, 1884)—Schultz, p. 173, pl. 16, fig. 7 and 8.
- v2017 Chlamys aff. gloriamaris (Dubois, 1831)—Bošnjak, p. 74, pl. 1, fig. 1.
- vp. 2017 Talochlamys multistriata (Poli, 1795)—Bošnjak, p. 76.
- Material: one right valve found in the Lithothamnion bioclastic limestone from Medvednica Mt. (Figure 1, Supplements S1 and S2).
- Remarks: Description of the CNHM specimens consistent with the detailed description in [4]. Visible shagreen microsculpture, differing this species from Talochlamys multistriata, as noted by [41]. One fragmented specimen (Temp. Inv. No. VKD-114-2, Supplement S1) is determined as Talochlamys cf. costai (Fontannes, 1884) (Figure 13(7)). The same specimen was originally determined as Chlamys tauroperstriata in [4], and later as Talochlamys multistriata in [12].
(Figure 13(8–11)) |
- *1795 Ostrea multistriata—Poli, p. 164, pl. 28, fig. 14.
- vp.1873 Pecten scabrellus Lamarck—Pilar, p. 93.
- 1897 Chlamys multistriata (Poli)—Sacco, p. 6–7, pl. 1, figs. 12–14.
- 1939 Chlamys multistriata Poli—Roger, p. 165, pl. 22, figs. 5–7, 11, 15, pl. 23, fig. 5, pl. 24, figs. 8–9.
- v1944 Chlamys multistriata Poli—Kochansky, p. 237.
- vp.1944 Chlamys tauroperstriata Sacco—Kochansky, p. 237.
- vp.1944 Chlamys tauroperstriata Sacco var.—Kochansky, p. 238, pl. 13, fig. 1.
- v1944 Chlamys sp. aff. varia L.—Kochansky, p. 237.
- 1960 Chlamys multistriata (Poli)—Csepreghy-Meznerics, p. 23, pl. 14, figs. 22–25, pl. 15, fig. 1.
- 1977 Chlamys multistriata (Poli)—Nicorici, p. 144, pl. 36, figs. 1–4, pl. 37, figs. 1–7.
- 1985 Chlamys (Chlamys) multistriata (Poli, 1795)—Atanacković, p. 37, pl. 3, figs. 2,3.
- 1993 Crassadoma multistriata (Poli, 1795)—Waller, p. 212, Figs. 5a,d,g; 6c-j.
- 2001 Crassadoma ? multistriata s. l. (Poli, 1795)—Schultz, p. 176, pl. 16, figs. 6, 9–12, pl. 17, figs. 1–4 (cum syn.).
- 2004 Crassadoma multistriata (Poli, 1795)—Mandic, p. 138, fig. 4.8,9.
- v2017 Chlamys sp. aff. varia Linnaeus, 1758—Bošnjak, p. 75, pl. 1, fig. 2.
- vp.2017 Talochlamys multistriata (Poli, 1795)—Bošnjak, p. 76, pl. 1, figs. 5,6.
- 2020 Talochlamys multistriata (Poli, 1795)—Mandic et al., p. 68, fig. 6H.
- Material: valves and fragments from Glinsko Pokuplje and Medvednica Mt. (found in the Lithothamnion bioclastic limestone, and Talochlamys cf. multistriata in corrallinacean calcarenites) (Figure 1, Supplements S1 and S2).
- Remarks: The description of the CNHM specimens is consistent with the detailed description in [4] and other descriptions referred to in the synonymy. The species has a variable morphology (e.g., [48,50]). Mandic [41] described the resemblance of this species with the species Chlamys costai and Chlamys justiniana and the difference by the absence of the shagreen microsculpture. Two CNHM specimens (Temp. Inv. Nos. VKD-112 and VKD-114-1, Supplement S1; Figure 13(10,11)) are not very well preserved and are determined as Talochlamys cf. multistriata.
- Distribution: Eggenburgian to Badenian of the Central Paratethys; Sakaraulian to Konkian of the Eastern Paratethys; Burdigalian to Recent in the Mediterranean, E Atlantic and W Indian Ocean (from [55] and the references therein).
- *1829 Hinnites brussonii—de Serres, p. 134, pl. 5, figs. 1,2.
- 1867 Hinnites defrancei Michelotti—Hörnes, p. 423, pl. 67, fig. 3 [excl. 1–2, 4 = H. crispus]
- 1897 Hinnites brussoni v. taurinensis Sacco—Sacco, p. 11, pl. 2, figs. 6–17.
- 1910 Hinnites brussonii De Serr. var. taurinensis—Schaffer, p. 32, pl. 15, fig. 6.
- 1939 Chlamys brussoni De Serres—Roger, p. 175, pl. 23, figs. 7–8, pl. 24, figs. 1–3.
- vp.1944 Hinnites brussoni De Serr. var. taurinensis Sacco—Kochansky, p. 244.
- 1960 Chlamys brussoni taurocostata (Sacco)—Csepreghy-Meznerics, p. 36, pl. 34, fig. 1.
- 1977 Chlamys brussoni defrancei Michelotti—Nicorici, p. 152, pl. 42, fig. 1a-d, pl. 43, fig. 1a–c.
- 1977 Chlamys brussoni leufroyi De Serres—Nicorici, p. 151, pl. 43, figs. 1–3.
- 2001 Hinnites brussoni taurinensis Sacco, 1897—Schultz, p. 222, pl. 20, fig. 1.
- 2004 Hinnites crispus (Brocchi, 1814)—Mandic, p. 136, fig. 4.6,7.
- vp.2017 Hinnites brussoni De Serr. var. taurinensis Sacco, 1897—Bošnjak, p. 78, pl. 2, fig. 1.
- 2020 Talochlamys brussonii (Serres, 1829)—Mandic et al., p. 67, fig. 6B-G.
- Material: juvenile specimens found in tuff from Medvednica Mt. (Figure 1, Supplement S1).
- Remarks: The description of the CNHM specimens is consistent with the detailed description in [55] and with determinations referred to in the synonymy. The species Talochlamys brussonii is similar to Hinnites crispus, from which it differs by the shagreen microsculpture of the shell which is absent in H. crispus (e.g., [39,41,55] and the references therein). Here, a shagreen microsculpture has not been detected on the presented specimens, possibly due to the preservation state.
- vp.1944 Hinnites brussoni De Serr. var. taurinensis Sacco—Kochansky, p. 244.
- vp.2017 Hinnites brussoni De Serr. var. taurinensis Sacco, 1897—Bošnjak, p. 78, pl. 2, fig. 1.
- Material: five specimens found in corrallinacean calcarenites from Medvednica Mt. (Figure 1, Supplement S1).
- Remarks: Specimens are in the juvenile stage and are therefore determined on the genus level.
5. Results
5.1. Taxonomy
5.2. Taphonomy
5.3. Lithology
6. Discussion
6.1. Biostratigraphy and Paleogeography
6.2. Depositional Environment
- The marginal marine scallop-bearing environment is defined by the sandy dolomitic breccia, i.e., “Litavac limestone”. It marks the marine transgression, mostly on the dolomitic base-rock. Partly or completely dissolved clasts leave the cavities in the rock. This is one of the widely distributed Badenian deposit types in Northern Croatia, with the most diversified pectinid fauna composed of the taxa Gigantopecten nodosiformis, Gigantopecten tournali, Oopecten solarium, Flabellipecten besseri, Oppenheimopecten revolutus, Pecten subarcuatus styriacus, Manupecten puymoriae, Aequipecten elegans, A. macrotis, A. scabrellus and A. malvinae (Figure 16 and Figure 17, Table 2, Supplement S1). In the CNHM collections, we have recorded 111 specimens from the “Litavac limestone”, marking it as one of the most fossiliferous deposits (Figure 17).
- “Litavac limestone” is often synonymized with the Lithothamnion bioclastic limestone (e.g., [70]). However, Lithothamnion limestone is made predominantly of the coralline algae and often of bryzoans, usually representing the packstone to grainstone type of the carbonate rock. Therefore, “Litavac limestone” represents the marginal marine environment (deposited in the desiccation vadose zone), while Lithothamnion bioclastic limestone was deposited slightly deeper on the shelf, usually not deeper than 60 m (e.g., [71]) (Figure 18). In some cases, it can be compared to the coralligenous constructions, i.e., the hard substrate formations of biogenic origin formed mainly by the deposition of the incrustated algae (e.g., [72]). A well-known example of the Lithothamnion bioclastic limestone is the Badenian “Leitha limestone” from the Vienna and Styrian Basins, which comprises even an richer pectinid assemblage than Croatian limestone and was widely distributed in the Central Paratethys (e.g., [73]). Scallops’ abundance in the Lithothamnion bioclastic limestone is low (17 specimens), and some of the taxa from the Lithothamnion limestone also occur in the “Litavac limestone” (Figure 17, Table 2, Supplement S1).
- Corrallinacean calcarenites are less firmly bound than bioclastic limestones. They comprise red algae detritus and other dominantly carbonate clasts and characterize environments with rapid deposition (Figure 18). These deposits also represent a common fossiliferous facies on Medvednica Mt. (Figure 17, Table 2, Supplement S1) comprising several species of scallops, i.e., Oppenheimopecten revolutus, Manupecten linguafelis, Oopecten solarium, and the genera Talochlamys and Aequipecten. However, their abundance is not so high (41 specimen; Figure 17, Table 2) compared to the “Litavac limestone” and deeper environments.
- Marls were in most cases deposited in the lagoons or sheltered bays (Figure 18). These deposits are less common in the studied area, which bear mainly Aequipecten and are represented by 29 specimens (Figure 17, Table 2, Supplement S1).
- Clayey marls with sand intercalations represent the facies with the most abundant scallops (193 specimens; Figure 17 and Figure 18, Table 2, Supplement S1). Kochansky [4] compared them with the Walbersdorf facies, i.e., facies equivalent to the “schlier” of the Vienna Basin. This facies marks deeper marine realms, with various depths recorded on Medvednica Mt. (Figure 1) [4,67]. This is also seen by the recorded scallops, which mostly include Costellamussiopecten cristatus badense, Delectopecten vitreus, and Korobkovia denudata (Table 2, Supplement S1).
6.3. Paleoecology
7. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CNHM | Croatian Natural History Museum |
Inv. No. | Inventory number |
Temp. Inv. No. | temporary inventory number |
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Revised Taxon Name | Old Taxon Name |
---|---|
Pectinidae gen. et sp. indet. | Aequipecten scabrellus (Lamarck) |
Chlamys sp. indet. | |
Gigantopecten nodosiformis (de Serres in Pusch, 1837) | Pecten latissimus (Brocchi) |
Pecten melii Ugolini | |
Lyropecten melii (Ugolini) | |
Lyropecten nodosiformis (de Serres) | |
Macrochlamys (Nodipecten) latissima (Brocchi) | |
Chlamys latissima nodosiformis (Brocchi) | |
Gigantopecten tournali (de Serres, 1829) | Pecten besseri Andrzejowski |
Inaequipecten tournali (de Serres) | |
Chlamys tournali (de Serres) | |
Oopecten solarium (Lamarck, 1819) | Pecten rollei Hörnes |
Pecten besseri Andrzejowski | |
Amussiopecten gigas (Schlotheim) | |
Flabellipecten incrassatus (Partsch) | |
Flabellipecten besseri (Andrzejowski) | |
Aequipecten opercularis (Linneaus) | |
Oopecten aff. solarium (Lamarck, 1819) | Pecten pseudobeudanti Depéret-Roman |
Oopecten cf. solarium (Lamarck, 1819) | Pecten flabelliformis (Brocchi) |
Flabellipecten besseri (Andrzejowski) | |
Flabellipecten cf. besseri (Andrzejowski) | |
Flabellipecten besseri (Andzrejowski, 1830) | Flabellipecten besseri (Andrzejowski) |
Flabellipecten cf. besseri (Andrzejowski, 1830) | Pecten flabelliformis (Brocchi) |
Oppenheimopecten revolutus (Michelotti, 1847) | Pecten revolutus Michelotti |
Pecten felderi Karrer | |
Pecten cf. felderi Karrer | |
Pecten sp. indet. | |
Oppenheimopecten aduncus (Eichwald, 1830) | Pecten aduncus Eichwald |
Pecten cf. benedictus Lamarck | |
Pecten subarcuatus styriacus Hilber, 1879 | Pecten flabelliformis (Brocchi) |
Pecten fuchsi Fontannes | |
Aequipecten opercularis (Linneaus) | |
Costellamussiopecten cristatus badense (Fontannes, 1882) | Pecten (Pleuronectes) cristatus Bronn |
Amussium cristatum (Bronn) | |
Amussium cristatum (Bronn) var. badense (Fontannes) | |
Amussium cristatum badense (Fontannes) | |
Costellamussiopecten cf. cristatus badense (Fontannes, 1882) | Pecten sp. indet. |
Aequipecten elegans (Andrzejowski, 1830) | Pecten scabrellus Lamarck |
Pecten malvinae Du Bois de Montpéreux | |
Pecten elegans Andrzejowski | |
Chlamys elegans (Andrzejowski) | |
Pecten (Chlamys) elegans Andrzejowski | |
Aequipecten scabrellus (Lamarck) | |
Aequipecten macrotis (Sowerby in Smith, 1847) | Pecten scabrellus ? Lamarck |
Pecten malvinae Du Bois de Montpéreux | |
Pecten flabelliformis (Brocchi) | |
Chlamys sp. indet. | |
Aequipecten opercularis (Linneaus) | |
Aequipecten scabrellus (Lamarck) | |
Aequipecten cf. macrotis (Sowerby in Smith, 1847) | Aequipecten malvinae (Du Bois de Montpéreux) |
Aequipecten malvinae (Du Bois de Montpéreux, 1831) | Aequipecten opercularis (Linneaus) |
Aequipecten cf. malvinae (Du Bois de Montpéreux, 1831) | Chlamys sp. indet. |
Aequipecten scabrellus (Lamarck, 1819) | Pecten scabrellus Lamarck |
Chlamys sp. indet. | |
Aequipecten scabrellus (Lamarck) | |
Aequipecten sp. indet. | Pecten scabrellus Lamarck |
Aequipecten opercularis (Linneaus) | |
Chlamys sp. indet. | |
Pectininae gen. et sp. indet. | Pecten sp. indet. Pecten leythajanus Partsch |
Delectopecten vitreus (Gmelin, 1791) | Pseudamussium (Lissochlamys) sp. indet. |
Chlamys auensis zollikoferi (Bittner) | |
Korobkovia denudata (Reuss, 1867) | Amussium cristatum (Bronn) var. badense (Fontannes) |
Amussium corneum (Sowerby) var. denudata (Reuss) Amussium corneum (Sowerby) var. denudatum (Reuss) | |
Amussium denudatum (Reuss) | |
Lissochlamys excisa (Bronn, 1831) | Pecten multicostatus Reeve |
Pedinae gen. et sp. indet. | Chlamys sp. indet. |
Manupecten puymoriae (Mayer-Eymar, 1857) | Pecten (Manupecten) puymoriae Mayer-Eymar |
Manupecten linguafelis (Almera & Bofill, 1897) | Flexopecten pesfelis (Linnaeus) |
Talochlamys costai (Fontannes, 1884) | Chlamys aff. gloriamaris (Du Bois de Montpéreux) |
Talochlamys cf. costai (Fontannes, 1884) | Chlamys tauroperstriata Sacco |
Talochlamys multistriata (Poli, 1795) | Pecten scabrellus Lamarck |
Pecten substriatus d’Orbigny | |
Chlamys multistriata (Poli) | |
Chlamys tauroperstriata Sacco | |
Talochlamys cf. multistriata (Poli, 1795) | Chlamys sp. aff. varia (Linnaeus) |
Chlamys tauroperstriata Sacco | |
Talochlamys cf. brussonii, juv. (de Serres, 1829) | Hinnites brussoni de Serres var. taurinensis Sacco |
Talochlamys sp. indet. | Hinnites brussoni de Serres var. taurinensis Sacco |
Taxon | Lithology and Scallops’ Abundance | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
“Litavac Limestone” | Lithothamnion Bioclastic Limestone | Corrallinacean Calcarenites | Marls | Clayey Marls with Sand Intercalations | Platy Calcareous Marls/Limestones | Other (Tuff) | |
1 | - | - | 2 | 1 | - | - | - |
2 | 24 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - |
3 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
4 | 17 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
5 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
6 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
7 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
8 | 8 | - | 6 | - | - | - | - |
9 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
10 | 2 | - | - | 7 | - | - | - |
11 | - | - | - | 1 | 8 | - | - |
12 | 4 | 8 | - | 3 | - | - | - |
13 | 9 | - | 3 | 3 | - | - | - |
14 | 28 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
15 | 2 | - | 18 | - | - | - | - |
16 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
17 | 6 | - | 1 | 14 | - | - | - |
18 | 3 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
19 | - | - | - | - | 166 | 42 | - |
20 | - | - | - | - | 16 | - | - |
21 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
22 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
23 | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | - |
24 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
25 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
26 | - | 4 | - | - | - | - | - |
27 | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | - |
28 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 |
29 | - | - | 5 | - | - | - | - |
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Bošnjak, M.; Mandic, O.; Sremac, J. Middle Miocene (Langhian and Lower Serravallian/Badenian) Scallops (Bivalvia: Pectinidae) from the Precious Collections of the Croatian Natural History Museum. Diversity 2024, 16, 508. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16080508
Bošnjak M, Mandic O, Sremac J. Middle Miocene (Langhian and Lower Serravallian/Badenian) Scallops (Bivalvia: Pectinidae) from the Precious Collections of the Croatian Natural History Museum. Diversity. 2024; 16(8):508. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16080508
Chicago/Turabian StyleBošnjak, Marija, Oleg Mandic, and Jasenka Sremac. 2024. "Middle Miocene (Langhian and Lower Serravallian/Badenian) Scallops (Bivalvia: Pectinidae) from the Precious Collections of the Croatian Natural History Museum" Diversity 16, no. 8: 508. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16080508