Using Deep Learning to Classify Environmental Sounds in the Habitat of Western Black-Crested Gibbons

The western black-crested gibbon (Nomascus concolor) is a rare and endangered primate that inhabits southern China and northern Vietnam, and has become a key conservation target due to its distinctive call and highly endangered status, making its identification and monitoring particularly urgent. Identifying calls of the western black-crested gibbon using passive acoustic monitoring data is a crucial method for studying and analyzing these gibbons; however, traditional call recognition models often overlook the temporal information in audio features and fail to adapt to channel-feature weights. To address these issues, we propose an innovative deep learning model, VBSNet, designed to recognize and classify a variety of biological calls, including those of endangered western black-crested gibbons and certain bird species. The model incorporates the image feature extraction capability of the VGG16 convolutional network, the sequence modeling capability of bi-directional LSTM, and the feature selection capability of the SE attention module, realizing the multimodal fusion of image, sequence and attention information. In the constructed dataset, the VBSNet model achieved the best performance in the evaluation metrics of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, realizing an accuracy of 98.35%, demonstrating high accuracy and generalization ability. This study provides an effective deep learning method in the field of automated bioacoustic monitoring, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for supporting wildlife conservation and maintaining biodiversity.