Intermedin Alleviates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Up-Regulating CPT-1β through Activation of the Phosphatidyl Inositol 3 Kinase/Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathway
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. IMD Levels Are Significantly Down-Regulated in Cardiac Tissues of DCM Rats, DCM Mice, and Hypertrophic Cardiomyocytes
2.2. Exogenous IMD Alleviates DCM in Rats
2.3. IMD Overexpression Alleviates DCM in Mice
2.4. IMD Deficiency Exacerbates DCM in Mice
2.5. IMD Alleviates DCM by Up-Regulating CPT-1β
2.6. IMD Up-Regulates CPT-1β via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Human Subjects
4.2. Animals
4.3. DCM Models of Rats and Mice
4.4. Echocardiography
4.5. Blood Pressure Measurement
4.6. Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocyte (NRCM) and Cardiac Fibroblast Culture
4.7. H&E, Sirius Red, and Oil Red O Staining
4.8. Immunofluorescence Staining of Cardiac Fibroblast
4.9. Detection of Fasting Serum Glucose and Insulin and Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) Analysis
4.10. Quantitation of Serum Lipids in Mice and Rats
4.11. ELISA
4.12. Western Blot Analysis
4.13. Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis
4.14. RNA Sequencing
4.15. siRNA Transfection and Identification
4.16. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zhao, J.; Han, L.; Zhang, Y.-R.; Liu, S.-M.; Ji, D.-R.; Wang, R.; Yu, Y.-R.; Jia, M.-Z.; Chai, S.-B.; Tang, H.-F.; et al. Intermedin Alleviates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Up-Regulating CPT-1β through Activation of the Phosphatidyl Inositol 3 Kinase/Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathway. Pharmaceuticals 2024, 17, 1204. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091204
Zhao J, Han L, Zhang Y-R, Liu S-M, Ji D-R, Wang R, Yu Y-R, Jia M-Z, Chai S-B, Tang H-F, et al. Intermedin Alleviates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Up-Regulating CPT-1β through Activation of the Phosphatidyl Inositol 3 Kinase/Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathway. Pharmaceuticals. 2024; 17(9):1204. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091204
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Jie, Ling Han, Ya-Rong Zhang, Shi-Meng Liu, Deng-Ren Ji, Rui Wang, Yan-Rong Yu, Mo-Zhi Jia, San-Bao Chai, Hui-Fang Tang, and et al. 2024. "Intermedin Alleviates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Up-Regulating CPT-1β through Activation of the Phosphatidyl Inositol 3 Kinase/Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathway" Pharmaceuticals 17, no. 9: 1204. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091204