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Pharmaceuticals
Volume 18
Issue 2
10.3390/ph18020238
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Article

Protective Effects of Oleanolic Acid on Human Keratinocytes: A Defense Against Exogenous Damage

by
Marzia Vasarri
1,
Maria Camilla Bergonzi
2,
Manuela Leri
1,
Rebecca Castellacci
2,
Monica Bucciantini
1,
Lucia De Marchi
3 and
Donatella Degl’Innocenti
1,*
1
Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
2
Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
3
Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(2), 238; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18020238
Submission received: 19 January 2025 / Revised: 3 February 2025 / Accepted: 8 February 2025 / Published: 11 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural-Based Skincare Solutions)
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Abstract

Background/objectives: Aging leads to increased oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in the skin, which contribute to various disorders such as dermatitis and cancer. This study explores the cytoprotective effects of oleanolic acid (OA), a natural triterpenoid compound known for its potential in mitigating oxidative damage, on human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells exposed to oxidative stress from tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP). Methods: Using in vitro experiments, we assessed cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, nitric oxide (NO) production, and protein expression following OA pre-treatment. Advanced imaging techniques were employed to visualize protein localization. Results: Results demonstrated that OA significantly improved cell viability and reduced intracellular ROS levels compared with those in controls. Additionally, OA inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and subsequent nitric oxide release, indicating a modulation of inflammatory responses. Notably, while tBHP activated the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, OA did not enhance this response, suggesting that OA exerts cytoprotective effects through mechanisms independent of Nrf2 activation. Conclusion: OA shows promise in protecting HaCaT cells from tBHP-induced oxidative stress, highlighting its potential role in promoting skin health and addressing aging-related damage. The study proposes that OA operates through pathways distinct from Nrf2 and MAPKs, paving the way for new therapeutic strategies aimed at improving skin health against oxidative stress.
Keywords: oleanolic acid; HaCaT cells; oxidative stress; tert-butyl-hydroperoxide oleanolic acid; HaCaT cells; oxidative stress; tert-butyl-hydroperoxide
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MDPI and ACS Style

Vasarri, M.; Bergonzi, M.C.; Leri, M.; Castellacci, R.; Bucciantini, M.; De Marchi, L.; Degl’Innocenti, D. Protective Effects of Oleanolic Acid on Human Keratinocytes: A Defense Against Exogenous Damage. Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18, 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18020238

AMA Style

Vasarri M, Bergonzi MC, Leri M, Castellacci R, Bucciantini M, De Marchi L, Degl’Innocenti D. Protective Effects of Oleanolic Acid on Human Keratinocytes: A Defense Against Exogenous Damage. Pharmaceuticals. 2025; 18(2):238. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18020238

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vasarri, Marzia, Maria Camilla Bergonzi, Manuela Leri, Rebecca Castellacci, Monica Bucciantini, Lucia De Marchi, and Donatella Degl’Innocenti. 2025. "Protective Effects of Oleanolic Acid on Human Keratinocytes: A Defense Against Exogenous Damage" Pharmaceuticals 18, no. 2: 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18020238

APA Style

Vasarri, M., Bergonzi, M. C., Leri, M., Castellacci, R., Bucciantini, M., De Marchi, L., & Degl’Innocenti, D. (2025). Protective Effects of Oleanolic Acid on Human Keratinocytes: A Defense Against Exogenous Damage. Pharmaceuticals, 18(2), 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18020238

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