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Review

Harnessing Natural Polymers for Nano-Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Comprehensive Overview of Bone Disease Treatment

by
Sushmita Saurav
1,
Prashish Sharma
1,
Anil Kumar
2,
Zeba Tabassum
1,
Madhuri Girdhar
3,
Narsimha Mamidi
4,* and
Anand Mohan
1,*
1
School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144401, Punjab, India
2
Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, Delhi, India
3
Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144401, Punjab, India
4
Wisconsin Centre for Nano Biosystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(1), 585-611; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46010038
Submission received: 26 November 2023 / Revised: 24 December 2023 / Accepted: 30 December 2023 / Published: 5 January 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Contribution and Application of Molecular Biology in the Applied Biosciences — Focusing on Medicine, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Fields)
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Abstract

Numerous surgeries are carried out to replace tissues that have been harmed by an illness or an accident. Due to various surgical interventions and the requirement of bone substitutes, the emerging field of bone tissue engineering attempts to repair damaged tissues with the help of scaffolds. These scaffolds act as template for bone regeneration by controlling the development of new cells. For the creation of functional tissues and organs, there are three elements of bone tissue engineering that play very crucial role: cells, signals and scaffolds. For the achievement of these aims, various types of natural polymers, like chitosan, chitin, cellulose, albumin and silk fibroin, have been used for the preparation of scaffolds. Scaffolds produced from natural polymers have many advantages: they are less immunogenic as well as being biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic and cost effective. The hierarchal structure of bone, from microscale to nanoscale, is mostly made up of organic and inorganic components like nanohydroxyapatite and collagen components. This review paper summarizes the knowledge and updates the information about the use of natural polymers for the preparation of scaffolds, with their application in recent research trends and development in the area of bone tissue engineering (BTE). The article extensively explores the related research to analyze the advancement of nanotechnology for the treatment of bone-related diseases and bone repair.
Keywords: tissue engineering; nano-scaffolds; biopolymers; nanostructure; bone regeneration tissue engineering; nano-scaffolds; biopolymers; nanostructure; bone regeneration

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MDPI and ACS Style

Saurav, S.; Sharma, P.; Kumar, A.; Tabassum, Z.; Girdhar, M.; Mamidi, N.; Mohan, A. Harnessing Natural Polymers for Nano-Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Comprehensive Overview of Bone Disease Treatment. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46, 585-611. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46010038

AMA Style

Saurav S, Sharma P, Kumar A, Tabassum Z, Girdhar M, Mamidi N, Mohan A. Harnessing Natural Polymers for Nano-Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Comprehensive Overview of Bone Disease Treatment. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 2024; 46(1):585-611. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46010038

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saurav, Sushmita, Prashish Sharma, Anil Kumar, Zeba Tabassum, Madhuri Girdhar, Narsimha Mamidi, and Anand Mohan. 2024. "Harnessing Natural Polymers for Nano-Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Comprehensive Overview of Bone Disease Treatment" Current Issues in Molecular Biology 46, no. 1: 585-611. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46010038

APA Style

Saurav, S., Sharma, P., Kumar, A., Tabassum, Z., Girdhar, M., Mamidi, N., & Mohan, A. (2024). Harnessing Natural Polymers for Nano-Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Comprehensive Overview of Bone Disease Treatment. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 46(1), 585-611. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46010038

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