Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Non-Coding RNAs: Key Mediators in Remodelling Heart Failure
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Size Classification of EVs, Generation Process, and Sorting Mechanism of EV-ncRNAs
2.1. Size Classification
2.2. Biogenesis of the EVs
2.3. ncRNA Sorting
3. Participation Mechanisms
3.1. Oxidative Stress
3.2. Angiogenesis
3.3. Inflammation Response
3.4. Autophagy and Apoptosis
3.5. Immunomodulation
3.6. Fibrosis
4. Diagnosis and Prognosis
4.1. Diagnosis of Heart Failure
4.2. Prognosis of Heart Failure
Exosomal Cargo | Functional Mechanism | Cell Source | Functions | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
miR-21a-5p | miR-21a-5p/ITGAV/Col1α | FPC | Reduces PO-induced cardiac fibrosis and improves cardiac function | [122] |
miR-126 | TGF-β/Smad3 | EPC | Improves cardiac fibrosis | [123] |
miR-9-5p | VPO1/ERK | iPSC | Protects against Dox-induced cardiomyopathy | [124] |
miR-125a-5p | Klf13, Tgfbr1, Daam1 | MSC | Alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury | [125] |
miRNA-205 | metalloproteinase-3 | ADSC | Reduces myocardial fibrosis, inhibits myocardial apoptosis, promote angiogenesis | [126] |
miR-22-3p | FURIN | CM | Increases the risk of HF damage | [127] |
miR-129-5p | TRAF3, NF-κB | MSC | Protects the heart from HF | [59] |
miR-195-3p | PTEN/AKT | CF | Promotes cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction after MI | [128] |
miR-98-5p | TLR4, PI3K/Akt | BMSC | Protects against MI/RI | [129] |
miR-217 | PTEN | CM | Therapeutic target for CHF | [130] |
circ_LAS1L | circ_LAS1L/miR-125b/SFRP5 | CF | Regulates myocardial fibrosis after MI | [131] |
circ_BMP2K | miR-455-3p, SUMO1 | CF | Regulates myocardial fibrosis | [132] |
circ_NSD1 | miR-429-3p, Wnt/β-catenin | CF | Treatment of cardiac fibrosis | [133] |
circ_0023461 | miR-370-3p/PDE4D | AC16 | Silencing protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-induced dysfunction | [134] |
circ_0097435 | Sponging multiple miRNAs | DOX-treated CM | Influences HF | [135] |
5. Engineered EVs for HF Therapy
5.1. Self-Derived ncRNA Therapy
5.2. Combined and Targeted Drug Delivery
5.3. Current Limitations and Challenges of Treatment
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zhao, J.; Huang, H. Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Non-Coding RNAs: Key Mediators in Remodelling Heart Failure. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46, 9430-9448. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46090559
Zhao J, Huang H. Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Non-Coding RNAs: Key Mediators in Remodelling Heart Failure. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 2024; 46(9):9430-9448. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46090559
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Jiayi, and Huang Huang. 2024. "Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Non-Coding RNAs: Key Mediators in Remodelling Heart Failure" Current Issues in Molecular Biology 46, no. 9: 9430-9448. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46090559