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Volume 51
Issue 6
10.1016/j.medici.2015.11.004
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Article

Nutritional habits among high-performance endurance athletes

by
Marius Baranauskas
1,2,*,
Rimantas Stukas
1,
Linas Tubelis
1,3,
Kęstutis Žagminas
1,
Genė Šurkienė
1,
Edmundas Švedas
4,
Vincentas Rolandas Giedraitis
1,
Valerij Dobrovolskij
1 and
Jonas Algis Abaravičius
5
1
Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
2
Lithuanian Olympic Sports Center, Vilnius, Lithuania
3
Scientific Sports Institute, Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences, Vilnius, Lithuania
4
Lithuanian Sports Medicine Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
5
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Medicina 2015, 51(6), 351-362; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medici.2015.11.004
Submission received: 16 March 2014 / Accepted: 8 November 2015 / Published: 18 November 2015
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background and objective: For athletes, the main purpose of nutrition is to ensure the compensation of increased energy consumption and the need for nutrients in the athlete's body, thereby enabling maximum adaptation to physical loads. The aim of this study was to determine the habits of highly trained endurance athletes depending on sports type, sex and age in order to improve the planning and management of the training of athletes using targeted measures.
Materials and methods: In 2009–2012, the dietary habits of 146 endurance athletes were analyzed. The actual diet of Lithuania endurance athletes was investigated using a 24-h dietary survey method. Data on the athletes' actual diet were collected for the previous day.
Results: It was found that 80.8% of endurance athletes used lower-than-recommended amounts of carbohydrates in their diet, and more than 70% of athletes used higher-than- recommended levels of fat, saturated fatty acids, and cholesterol. The diet of female athletes was low in carbohydrates, dietary fiber, protein, omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, and zinc. Athletes aged 14–18 years tended to consume quantities of protein that were either lower than recommended or excessive.
Conclusions: The diet of highly trained endurance athletes does not fully meet their requirements and in this situation cannot ensure maximum adaptation to very intense and/or long-duration physical loads. The diet of highly trained endurance athletes must be optimized, adjusted and individualized. Particular attention should be focused on female athletes.
Keywords: Nutritional habits; High-performance; Endurance athletes Nutritional habits; High-performance; Endurance athletes

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MDPI and ACS Style

Baranauskas, M.; Stukas, R.; Tubelis, L.; Žagminas, K.; Šurkienė, G.; Švedas, E.; Giedraitis, V.R.; Dobrovolskij, V.; Abaravičius, J.A. Nutritional habits among high-performance endurance athletes. Medicina 2015, 51, 351-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medici.2015.11.004

AMA Style

Baranauskas M, Stukas R, Tubelis L, Žagminas K, Šurkienė G, Švedas E, Giedraitis VR, Dobrovolskij V, Abaravičius JA. Nutritional habits among high-performance endurance athletes. Medicina. 2015; 51(6):351-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medici.2015.11.004

Chicago/Turabian Style

Baranauskas, Marius, Rimantas Stukas, Linas Tubelis, Kęstutis Žagminas, Genė Šurkienė, Edmundas Švedas, Vincentas Rolandas Giedraitis, Valerij Dobrovolskij, and Jonas Algis Abaravičius. 2015. "Nutritional habits among high-performance endurance athletes" Medicina 51, no. 6: 351-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medici.2015.11.004

APA Style

Baranauskas, M., Stukas, R., Tubelis, L., Žagminas, K., Šurkienė, G., Švedas, E., Giedraitis, V. R., Dobrovolskij, V., & Abaravičius, J. A. (2015). Nutritional habits among high-performance endurance athletes. Medicina, 51(6), 351-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medici.2015.11.004

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