Prognostic Value of Telomeric Zinc Finger-Associated Protein Expression in Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Lung
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Harley, C.B.; Futcher, A.B.; Greider, C. Telomeres shorten during ageing of human fibroblasts. Nat. Cell Biol. 1990, 345, 458–460. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Blackburn, E.H.; Greider, C.; Szostak, J.W. Telomeres and telomerase: The path from maize, Tetrahymena and yeast to human cancer and aging. Nat. Med. 2006, 12, 1133–1138. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xin, H.; Liu, D.; Songyang, Z. The telosome/shelterin complex and its functions. Genome Biol. 2008, 9, 232. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shay, J.W.; Wright, W.E. Role of telomeres and telomerase in cancer. Semin. Cancer Biol. 2011, 21, 349–353. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Jafri, M.A.; Ansari, S.A.; Alqahtani, M.H.; Shay, J.W. Roles of telomeres and telomerase in cancer, and advances in telomerase-targeted therapies. Genome Med. 2016, 8, 1–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Pickett, H.A.; Cesare, A.; Johnston, R.; Neumann, A.A.; Reddel, R.R. Control of telomere length by a trimming mechanism that involves generation of t-circles. EMBO J. 2009, 28, 799–809. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Li, J.S.Z.; Fusté, J.M.; Simavorian, T.; Bartocci, C.; Tsai, J.; Karlseder, J.; Denchi, E.L. TZAP: A telomere-associated protein involved in telomere length control. Science 2017, 355, 638–641. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Siegel, R.L.; Miller, K.D.; Fuchs, H.E.; Jemal, A. Cancer Statistics, 2021. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2021, 71, 7–33. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alberg, A.J.; Brock, M.V.; Ford, J.G.; Samet, J.M.; Spivack, S.D. Epidemiology of Lung Cancer. Chest 2013, 143, e1S–e29S. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Wu, C.-Y.; Hu, H.-Y.; Pu, C.-Y.; Huang, N.; Shen, H.-C.; Li, C.-P.; Chou, Y.-J. Pulmonary tuberculosis increases the risk of lung cancer. Cancer 2010, 117, 618–624. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, D.H.; Heo, Y.-R.; Park, W.-J.; Lee, J.-H. A TERT-CLPTM1 locus polymorphism (rs401681) is associated with EGFR mutation in non-small cell lung cancer. Pathol. Res. Pr. 2017, 213, 1340–1343. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jung, S.-J.; Kim, D.-S.; Park, W.-J.; Lee, H.; Choi, I.-J.; Park, J.-Y.; Lee, J.-H. Mutation of the TERT promoter leads to poor prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol. Lett. 2017, 14, 1609–1614. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hammerman, P.S.; Voet, D.; Lawrence, M.S.; Voet, D.; Jing, R.; Cibulskis, K.; Sivachenko, A.; Stojanov, P.; McKenna, A.; Lander, E.S.; et al. Comprehensive genomic characterization of squamous cell lung cancers. Nature 2012, 489, 519–525. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Collisson, E.A.; Campbell, J.D.; Brooks, A.N.; Berger, A.H.; Lee, W.; Chmielecki, J.; Beer, D.G.; Cope, L.; Creighton, C.J.; Danilova, L.; et al. Comprehensive molecular profiling of lung adenocarcinoma: The cancer genome atlas research network. Nature 2014, 511, 543–550. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Exposito, L.G.; O’Sullivan, R.J. TZAP-ing telomeres down to size. EMBO Rep. 2017, 18, 861–863. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bie, Y.-N.; Gu, P.; Chen, Y.-T.; Zhou, X.-X.; Tian, Y.-G.; Yang, Q.; Li, H.-Y.; Lin, X.; Guan, Y.-H.; Lin, T.-Y.; et al. TZAP plays an inhibitory role in the self-renewal of porcine mesenchymal stromal cells and is implicated the regulation of premature senescence via the p53 pathway. J. Transl. Med. 2019, 17, 72. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Park, W.J.; Heo, Y.R.; Lee, J.H. Prognostic value of TZAP expression in various cancers: TCGA data analysis. Keimyung J. 2018, 37, 17–21. [Google Scholar]
- Heo, Y.-R.; Lee, M.-H.; Kwon, S.-Y.; Cho, J.; Lee, J.-H. TZAP Mutation Leads to Poor Prognosis of Patients with Breast Cancer. Medicina 2019, 55, 748. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Heo, Y.-R.; Park, W.-J.; Lee, J.-H. Positive correlation between TZAP and TERT in most cancers: A new player in cancer diseases. Ann. Transl. Med. 2018, 6, 197. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jung, S.-J.; Seo, Y.-R.; Park, W.-J.; Heo, Y.-R.; Lee, Y.-H.; Kim, S.; Lee, J.-H. Clinicopathological Characteristics of TZAP Expression in Colorectal Cancers. OncoTargets Ther. 2020, 13, 12933–12942. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hsiung, C.A.; Lan, Q.; Hong, Y.-C.; Chen, C.-J.; Hosgood, H.D.; Chang, I.-S.; Chatterjee, N.; Brennan, P.; Wu, C.; Zheng, W.; et al. The 5p15.33 Locus Is Associated with Risk of Lung Adenocarcinoma in Never-Smoking Females in Asia. PLoS Genet. 2010, 6, e1001051. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Landi, M.T.; Chatterjee, N.; Yu, K.; Goldin, L.R.; Goldstein, A.M.; Rotunno, M.; Mirabello, L.; Jacobs, K.; Wheeler, W.; Yeager, M.; et al. A Genome-wide Association Study of Lung Cancer Identifies a Region of Chromosome 5p15 Associated with Risk for Adenocarcinoma. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2009, 85, 679–691. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Codd, V.; Nelson, C.; Albrecht, E.; Mangino, M.; Deelen, J.; Buxton, J.L.; Hottenga, J.J.; Fischer, K.; Esko, T.; Surakka, I.; et al. Identification of seven loci affecting mean telomere length and their association with disease. Nat. Genet. 2013, 45, 422–427. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
TZAP Expression | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|
High (%, N) | Low (%, N) | ||
Age | 0.558 | ||
<65 years | 51.3 (121) | 48.7 (115) | |
≥65 years | 48.6 (124) | 51.4 (131) | |
Sex | 0.320 | ||
Male | 47.6 (107) | 52.4 (118) | |
Female | 52.1 (139) | 47.9 (128) | |
T stage | 0.005 | ||
T1 | 57.2 (95) | 42.8 (71) | |
T2 | 50.0 (130) | 50.0 (130) | |
T3 | 35.6 (16) | 64.4 (29) | |
T4 | 22.2 (4) | 77.8 (14) | |
N stage | 0.065 | ||
N0 | 53.1 (169) | 46.9 (149) | |
≥N1 | 44.2 (72) | 55.8 (91) | |
M stage | 0.579 | ||
M0 | 47.5 (154) | 52.5 (170) | |
M1 | 41.7 (10) | 58.3 (14) | |
EGFR mutation | 0.066 | ||
(+) | 48.3 (14) | 51.7 (15) | |
(-) | 31.0 (57) | 69.0 (127) |
TZAP Expression | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|
High (%, N) | Low (%, N) | ||
Age | 0.114 | ||
<65 years | 45.5 (86) | 54.5 (103) | |
≥65 years | 52.8 (158) | 47.2 (141) | |
Sex | 0.215 | ||
Male | 48.3 (175) | 51.7 (187) | |
Female | 54.8 (69) | 45.2 (57) | |
T stage | 0.399 | ||
T1 | 53.2 (58) | 46.8 (51) | |
T2 | 47.6 (136) | 52.4 (150) | |
T3 | 57.1 (40) | 42.9 (30) | |
T4 | 43.5 (10) | 56.5 (13) | |
N stage | 0.005 | ||
N0 | 55.0 (171) | 45.0 (140) | |
≥N1 | 41.5 (71) | 58.5 (100) | |
M stage | 0.124 | ||
M0 | 48.6 (195) | 51.4 (206) | |
M1 | 14.3 (1) | 85.7 (6) |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Kim, G.-J.; Lee, J.-H.; Chae, M.; Lee, D.-H. Prognostic Value of Telomeric Zinc Finger-Associated Protein Expression in Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Lung. Medicina 2021, 57, 1223. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57111223
Kim G-J, Lee J-H, Chae M, Lee D-H. Prognostic Value of Telomeric Zinc Finger-Associated Protein Expression in Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Lung. Medicina. 2021; 57(11):1223. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57111223
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Gun-Jik, Jae-Ho Lee, Mincheol Chae, and Deok-Heon Lee. 2021. "Prognostic Value of Telomeric Zinc Finger-Associated Protein Expression in Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Lung" Medicina 57, no. 11: 1223. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57111223