Comparison of Anti-Bacterial Efficacy between Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation and 980 nm-GaAlAs Laser Application in Two Root Types
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Preparation
2.2. Bacterial Preparation and Inoculation
2.3. Classification of the Groups
- Single root + PUI group (n = 20): PUI was performed using a piezoelectric ultrasonic device at a power setting of 2 (Satelec, Acteon, Merignac, France) with an Irrisafe tip (15/K size, Acteon, Mt. Laurel, NJ, USA) in an in-and out motion for up to two-thirds of the length of the canal for a total of 1 min.
- Single root + laser application group (n = 20): Before irradiation with a GaAlAs diode laser (Hulaser, Seoul, Korea), the canal was fully dried with paper points (Dentsply Maillefer). Then, the canal was irradiated with a pulsed 980-nm GaAlAs diode laser at an output power of 1 W at 50 Hz. During the laser irradiation, a slow helical movement method was applied in the canal with a 200-μmdiameter fiber tip for 10 s and a 10-s break for up to two-thirds of the length of the canal for a total of 1 min.
- Double roots + PUI group (n = 20): The protocol was similar to group 1, except that each tooth in this group contained two root canals.
- Double roots + laser application group (n = 20): The protocol was similar to group 2, except that each tooth in this group contained two root canals.
- Control group (n = 3 single root, 3 double roots): The root canals were irrigated with sterile saline solution, not with 2.5% NaOCl.
2.4. Microbiological Analysis
2.5. DNA Extraction and qPCR Analysis
2.6. Preparation for Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Microbiological Analysis
3.2. SEM Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Subgroup | S1 | S2 | S3 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Group1 (n = 20) | 0.8927 ± 3.30 z | 0.001 ± 0.00 cy | 0.001 ± 0.02 y | <0.001 |
Group2 (n = 20) | 0.8812 ± 1.95 z | 0.006 ± 0.01 by | 0.002 ± 0.00 y | <0.001 |
Control (n = 3, single rooted) | 1.0 ± 1.72 z | 0.013 ± 0.01 ay | 0.001 ± 0.00 x | <0.001 |
p-value | 0.99 | <0.001 | 0.07 | - |
Group3 (n = 20) | 1.0770 ± 4.52 z | 0.003 ± 0.01 y | 0.001 ± 0.00 bx | <0.001 |
Group4 (n = 20) | 0.8985 ± 5.10 z | 0.006 ± 0.10 y | 0.002 ± 0.00 ax | <0.001 |
Control (n = 3, double rooted) | 1 ± 1.91 z | 0.005 ± 0.00 y | 0.002 ± 0.00 aby | <0.001 |
p-value | 0.98 | 0.504 | <0.05 | - |
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Yang, S.-E.; Kim, Y.-M. Comparison of Anti-Bacterial Efficacy between Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation and 980 nm-GaAlAs Laser Application in Two Root Types. Medicina 2021, 57, 537. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57060537
Yang S-E, Kim Y-M. Comparison of Anti-Bacterial Efficacy between Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation and 980 nm-GaAlAs Laser Application in Two Root Types. Medicina. 2021; 57(6):537. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57060537
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Sung-Eun, and Yong-Min Kim. 2021. "Comparison of Anti-Bacterial Efficacy between Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation and 980 nm-GaAlAs Laser Application in Two Root Types" Medicina 57, no. 6: 537. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57060537