Next Article in Journal
Secondary Amenorrhea and Infertility Due to an Inhibin B Producing Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Ovary. A Rare Case Report and Literature Review
Previous Article in Journal
Immediate Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing with Cervical Spine Mobilization on the Pulmonary Function and Craniovertebral Angle in Patients with Chronic Stroke
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Medicina
Volume 57
Issue 8
10.3390/medicina57080828
medicina-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Review

Erythema Multiforme and COVID-19: What Do We Know?

by
Luigi Bennardo
1,2,*,
Steven Paul Nisticò
1,
Stefano Dastoli
1,
Eugenio Provenzano
2,
Maddalena Napolitano
3,
Martina Silvestri
1,
Maria Passante
1 and
Cataldo Patruno
1
1
Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
2
Unit of Dermatology, Mariano Santo Hospital, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
3
Department of Health Sciences V. Tiberio, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Medicina 2021, 57(8), 828; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080828
Submission received: 6 July 2021 / Revised: 10 August 2021 / Accepted: 15 August 2021 / Published: 16 August 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Dermatology)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute cutaneous eruption often associated with infections and more rarely with drugs. This review aimed to evaluate the association between erythema multiforme and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scimago Scopus, and ISI/Web of Science was performed. Original articles, case series, or case reports were evaluated and selected. Results: Fourteen articles were selected, describing a total of 70 patients. EM is a cutaneous eruption rarely occurring in COVID-19 and is, in most cases, associated with a hypersensitivity reaction to the virus. In these cases, EM seems to affect patients younger than 30 years or older than 55 years. Infrequently, some drugs used in the management of COVID-19 may induce EM, especially hydroxychloroquine. The three groups of patients seem to have different clinical characteristics and courses. Conclusions: From these data, it is possible to preliminarily propose that EM or EM-like eruptions linked to COVID-19 might be divided into three types: the virus-related juvenile type (affecting patients <30-year-old), the virus-related older type (affecting patients >55 years), and the drug-induced type. The occurrence of a skin rash does not seem to be related to the severity and clinical course of COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; erythema multiforme; hydroxychloroquine COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; erythema multiforme; hydroxychloroquine

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Bennardo, L.; Nisticò, S.P.; Dastoli, S.; Provenzano, E.; Napolitano, M.; Silvestri, M.; Passante, M.; Patruno, C. Erythema Multiforme and COVID-19: What Do We Know? Medicina 2021, 57, 828. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080828

AMA Style

Bennardo L, Nisticò SP, Dastoli S, Provenzano E, Napolitano M, Silvestri M, Passante M, Patruno C. Erythema Multiforme and COVID-19: What Do We Know? Medicina. 2021; 57(8):828. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080828

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bennardo, Luigi, Steven Paul Nisticò, Stefano Dastoli, Eugenio Provenzano, Maddalena Napolitano, Martina Silvestri, Maria Passante, and Cataldo Patruno. 2021. "Erythema Multiforme and COVID-19: What Do We Know?" Medicina 57, no. 8: 828. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080828

APA Style

Bennardo, L., Nisticò, S. P., Dastoli, S., Provenzano, E., Napolitano, M., Silvestri, M., Passante, M., & Patruno, C. (2021). Erythema Multiforme and COVID-19: What Do We Know? Medicina, 57(8), 828. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080828

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop