Evaluating Change of Marginal Bone Height with Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Following Surgical Treatment with Guided Tissue Regeneration (Bone Grafting) or Access Flap Alone: A Retrospective Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
- Clinical and radiographical diagnosis of severe chronic periodontitis;
- Presence of at least one intrabony defect of ≥ 3 mm on the radiographs;
- PPD ≥5 mm in the intrabony defects.
2.2. Pre-Treatment
2.3. Surgical Procedures
2.4. CBCT Taking and Maintenance Care (3 and 6 Months)
2.5. Radiographic Evaluation and Bone Height Measurement
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Association of Tooth Site and Bone Height between GTR and Flap
3.3. Association of Sex and Bone Height between GTR and Flap
3.4. Association of Smoking and Bone Height between GTR and Flap
3.5. Association of Age and Bone Height between GTR and Flap
3.6. Association of CBCT Interval and Bone Height between GTR and Flap
3.7. Multivariable Analysis for Alveolar Bone Loss after Treatment
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | GTR (mm) | Flap (mm) | p 2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Mean (SD) | p 1 | N | Mean (SD) | p 1 | ||
Total N/mean (SD) | 2281 | 0.10 (1.19) | |||||
1210 | 0.03 (0.13) | 1071 | 0.190 (0.104) | 0.00001 * | |||
Sex | 0.939 | 0.079 | |||||
Male (%) | 594 (49.1) | 0.01 (1.22) | 666 (62.2) | 0.18 (1.14) | 0.010 * | ||
Female (%) | 616 (50.9) | 0.05 (1.37) | 405 (37.8) | 0.20 (0.85) | 0.00002 * | ||
Age [years, mean (SD)] | 49.77 (8.03) | 0.001 * | 51.25 (9.40) | 0.417 | |||
29–45 (%) | 416 (34) | −0.17 (1.21) | 376 (35) | 0.17 (0.10) | 0.00001 * | ||
46–53 (%) | 388 (32) | 0.19 (1.26) | 0.0004 * | 312 (29) | 0.24 (1.11) | 0.217 | 0.040 * |
54–76 (%) | 406 (34) | 0.08 (1.39) | 0.006 * 0.565 | 383 (36) | 0.16 (1.01) | 0.901 0.280 | 0.125 |
Smoking | 0.551 | 0.301 | |||||
Present (%) | 280 (21.6) | 0.10 (1.30) | 239 (19.5) | 0.22 (1.23) | 0.120 | ||
Past (%) | 91 (7.0) | −0.05 (1.05) | 0.415 | 82 (6.7) | 0.09 (1.14) | 0.218 | 0.693 |
Not (%) | 839 (64.7) | 0.01 (1.32) | 0.317 0.930 | 750 (61.3) | 0.12 (0.96) | 0.891 0.334 | 0.009 * |
CBCT interval [days, mean (SD)] | 692.67 (351.28) | 0.131 | 688.42 (342.93) | 0.954 | |||
87–490 | 404 (33) | −0.06 (1.23) | 332 (31) | 0.17 (0.83) | 0.0001 * | ||
491–859 | 362 (30) | 0.02 (1.24) | 0.241 | 419 (39) | 0.20 (1.24) | 0.795 | 0.018 * |
860–1543 | 444 (37) | 0.11 (1.40) | 0.051 0.373 | 320 (30) | 0.20 (0.95) | 0.948 0.797 | 0.092 |
Systemic diseases | 0.546 | 0.004 * | |||||
Hypertension (%) | 74 (6) | 0.15 (1.49) | 140 (13) | 0.30 (1.17) | 0.130 | ||
Rhinitis, Sinusitis (%) | 14 (1) | −0.01 (0.47) | 0.986 | 64 (6) | 0.03 (0.82) | 0.104 0.083 | 0.824 |
Hepatitis (%) | 14 (1) | 0.32 (0.84) | 0.201 0.129 | 16 (1) | −0.35 (0.74) | 0.021 0.013 0.145 | 0.022 * |
Diabetes mellitus, Hyperlipidemia (%) | 30 (2) | −0.15 (0.72) | 0.504 0.648 0.051 | 68 (6) | −0.05 (0.84) | 0.017 0.007 0.411 0.335 | 0.945 |
None (%) | 1078 (89) | 0.02 (1.31) | 0.963 0.905 0.132 0.399 | 783 (73) | 0.22 (1.05) | 0.619 | 0.00001 * |
Medicine | 0.286 | 0.011 * | |||||
Aspirin, Hypertension (%) | 30 (2) | −0.22 (0.98) | 148 (14) | 0.17 (1.02) | 0.107 | ||
Anticoagulant (%) | 32 (3) | −0.01 (1.44) | 0.972 | 0 (0) | - | - | - |
Diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia (%) | 24 (2) | 0.23 (0.51) | 0.084 0.071 | 40 (4) | −0.21 (0.96) | 0.023 0.002 * | 0.018 * |
None (%) | 1124 (93) | 0.03 (1.31) | 0.398 0.391 0.136 | 883 (82) | 0.21 (1.05) | 0.621 | 0.00001 * |
Oral regions | 0.568 | 0.004 * | |||||
#14–17 (%) | 298 (25) | 0.04 (1.21) | 302 (28) | 0.32 (0.91) | 0.00001 * | ||
#24–27 (%) | 362 (30) | 0.10 (1.50) | 0.893 | 264 (25) | 0.07 (1.05) | 0.004 * | 0.342 |
#34–37 (%) | 274 (23) | −0.03 (1.10) | 0.379 0.323 | 232 (22) | 0.18 (0.91) | 0.030 0.556 | 0.024 * |
#44–47 (%) | 276 (23) | −0.03 (1.29) | 0.320 0.265 0.880 | 273 (25) | 0.18 (1.25) | 0.001 * 0.768 0.427 | 0.087 |
Precise sites | 0.735 | 0.537 | |||||
#04 (%) | 312 (26) | −0.03 (1.06) | 282 (26) | 0.11 (0.76) | 0.033 * | ||
#05 (%) | 312 (26) | −0.04 (0.94) | 0.808 | 282 (26) | 0.17 (0.91) | 0.180 | 0.002 * |
#06 (%) | 306 (25) | 0.09 (1.23) | 0.291 0.380 | 261 (24) | 0.22 (1.04) | 0.198 0.979 | 0.061 |
#07 (%) | 280 (23) | 0.10 (1.84) | 0.921 0.961 0.445 | 246 (23) | 0.28 (1.40) | 0.394 0.840 0.830 | 0.039 * |
Variable | Surgery | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GTR | FLAP | p | |||
N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | ||
Total | 1210 | 0.03 (0.13) | 1071 | 0.19 (0.10) | 0.00001 * |
Location | |||||
Site #10 | |||||
#14M | 39 | −0.08 (1.38) | 38 | 0.26 (0.67) | 0.068 |
#14D | 39 | −0.23 (1.21) | 38 | 0.32 (0.73) | 0.016 * |
#15M | 39 | 0.01 (0.63) | 39 | 0.36 (0.64) | 0.036 * |
#15D | 39 | 0.36 (1.04) | 39 | 0.30 (0.74) | 0.730 |
#16M | 36 | 0.02 (1.18) | 38 | 0.21 (0.77) | 0.584 |
#16D | 36 | 0.08 (1.39) | 38 | 0.32 (1.17) | 0.242 |
#17M | 35 | 0.04 (0.98) | 36 | 0.40 (1.04) | 0.167 |
#17D | 35 | 0.13 (1.68) | 36 | 0.39 (1.34) | 0.060 |
Site #20 | |||||
#24M | 48 | 0.03 (0.98) | 36 | −0.05 (0.80) | 0.978 |
#24D | 48 | −0.09 (0.83) | 36 | −0.13 (0.87) | 0.964 |
#25M | 47 | −0.22 (1.19) | 34 | 0.14 (0.78) | 0.244 |
#25D | 47 | −0.29 (1.04) | 34 | −0.08 (1.33) | 0.043 * |
#26M | 48 | 0.20 (1.20) | 31 | 0.36 (0.97) | 0.778 |
#26D | 48 | 0.31 (1.62) | 31 | 0.13 (0.88) | 0.996 |
#27M | 38 | 0.92 (2.91) | 31 | 0.05 (1.58) | 0.704 |
#27D | 38 | 0.13 (1.37) | 31 | 0.15 (0.97) | 0.587 |
Site #30 | |||||
#34M | 33 | 0.05 (0.98) | 31 | 0.20 (0.64) | 0.326 |
#34D | 33 | 0.04 (0.70) | 31 | 0.14 (0.60) | 0.427 |
#35M | 35 | −0.22 (0.94) | 31 | 0.17 (0.68) | 0.073 |
#35D | 35 | 0.00 (0.83) | 31 | 0.06 (0.79) | 0.867 |
#36M | 35 | −0.17 (0.84) | 27 | −0.01 (0.97) | 0.243 |
#36D | 35 | 0.01 (0.93) | 27 | 0.31 (0.96) | 0.203 |
#37M | 34 | 0.22 (1.41) | 27 | 0.30 (1.31) | 0.890 |
#37D | 34 | −0.17 (1.81) | 27 | 0.27 (1.23) | 0.576 |
Site #40 | |||||
#44M | 36 | −0.19 (1.01) | 36 | 0.11 (0.98) | 0.463 |
#44D | 36 | 0.24 (1.28) | 36 | −0.01 (0.60) | 0.426 |
#45M | 35 | 0.16 (0.84) | 37 | 0.08 (0.96) | 0.660 |
#45D | 35 | −0.02 (0.67) | 37 | 0.25 (1.11) | 0.266 |
#46M | 34 | 0.21 (1.45) | 34 | 0.13 (1.35) | 0.628 |
#46D | 34 | −0.02 (0.84) | 35 | 0.24 (1.19) | 0.601 |
#47M | 33 | −0.37 (1.28) | 29 | 0.47 (1.57) | 0.023 * |
#47D | 33 | −0.25 (2.29) | 29 | 0.22 (2.08) | 0.277 |
Variable | Sex | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | |||||||||
GTR | FLAP | p | GTR | FLAP | p | |||||
N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | |||
Total | 594 | 0.00 (0.12) | 666 | 0.18 (0.11) | 0.010 * | 616 | 0.05 (0.14) | 405 | 0.20 (0.09) | 0.00001 * |
Location | ||||||||||
Site #10 | ||||||||||
#14M | 18 | −0.16 (1.86) | 20 | 0.28 (0.80) | 0.120 | 21 | −0.01 (0.82) | 18 | 0.25 (0.50) | 0.366 |
#14D | 18 | −0.08 (0.74) | 20 | 0.25 (0.71) | 0.253 | 21 | −0.36 (1.51) | 18 | 0.41 (0.76) | 0.028 * |
#15M | 19 | 0.02 (0.69) | 21 | 0.19 (0.62) | 0.606 | 20 | 0.01 (0.58) | 18 | 0.55 (0.62) | 0.009 * |
#15D | 19 | 0.54 (1.32) | 21 | 0.25 (0.85) | 0.635 | 20 | 0.20 (0.67) | 18 | 0.36 (0.61) | 0.285 |
#16M | 18 | 0.13 (0.62) | 20 | 0.19 (0.82) | 0.769 | 18 | −0.09 (1.56) | 18 | 0.23 (0.73) | 0.635 |
#16D | 18 | −0.03 (0.89) | 20 | 0.38 (1.25) | 0.278 | 18 | 0.20 (1.77) | 18 | 0.27 (1.10) | 0.569 |
#17M | 17 | 0.04 (0.69) | 18 | 0.53 (1.23) | 0.215 | 18 | 0.04 (1.21) | 18 | 0.26 (0.82) | 0.410 |
#17D | 17 | −0.07 (1.64) | 18 | 0.44 (1.84) | 0.203 | 18 | 0.31 (1.74) | 18 | 0.34 (0.58) | 0.260 |
Site #20 | ||||||||||
#24M | 20 | 0.27 (1.03) | 24 | −0.14 (0.85) | 0.310 | 28 | −0.14 (0.92) | 12 | 0.13 (0.68) | 0.214 |
#24D | 20 | 0.11 (0.77) | 24 | −0.15 (0.92) | 0.315 | 28 | −0.23 (0.85) | 12 | −0.09 (0.79) | 0.594 |
#25M | 20 | 0.07 (0.77) | 23 | 0.20 (0.83) | 0.706 | 27 | −0.43 (1.40) | 11 | 0.03 (0.69) | 0.202 |
#25D | 20 | −0.16 (0.66) | 23 | −0.21 (1.55) | 0.227 | 27 | −0.40 (1.25) | 11 | 0.20 (0.70) | 0.084 |
#26M | 21 | 0.21 (0.76) | 19 | 0.28 (0.97) | 0.734 | 27 | 0.19 (1.46) | 12 | 0.48 (1.00) | 0.511 |
#26D | 21 | 0.05 (0.79) | 19 | 0.14 (1.09) | 0.776 | 27 | 0.50 (2.05) | 12 | 0.12 (0.41) | 0.681 |
#27M | 14 | 0.34 (1.14) | 20 | 0.02 (1.21) | 0.612 | 24 | 1.26 (3.55) | 11 | 0.12 (2.18) | 0.831 |
#27D | 14 | −0.11 (1.02) | 20 | 0.19 (1.15) | 0.889 | 24 | 0.28 (1.54) | 11 | 0.08 (0.56) | 0.444 |
Site #30 | ||||||||||
#34M | 18 | −0.01 (0.93) | 22 | 0.22 (0.70) | 0.663 | 15 | 0.11 (1.07) | 9 | 0.16 (0.52) | 0.323 |
#34D | 18 | 0.17 (0.76) | 22 | 0.15 (0.56) | 0.859 | 15 | −0.11 (0.62) | 9 | 0.12 (0.72) | 0.370 |
#35M | 19 | −0.18 (1.22) | 21 | 0.06 (0.68) | 0.542 | 16 | −0.27 (0.45) | 10 | 0.40 (0.66) | 0.012 * |
#35D | 19 | −0.05 (1.03) | 21 | 0.18 (0.93) | 0.480 | 16 | 0.06 (0.54) | 10 | −0.19 (0.29) | 0.169 |
#36M | 19 | −0.18 (1.01) | 20 | 0.08 (0.99) | 0.291 | 16 | −0.15 (0.62) | 7 | −0.27 (0.93) | 0.788 |
#36D | 19 | −0.02 (0.90) | 20 | 0.46 (1.00) | 0.109 | 16 | 0.04 (0.98) | 7 | −0.11 (0.70) | 0.867 |
#37M | 17 | 0.30 (1.51) | 19 | 0.35 (1.42) | 0.886 | 17 | 0.15 (1.33) | 8 | 0.20 (1.10) | 0.815 |
#37D | 17 | −0.24 (2.31) | 19 | 0.28 (1.29) | 0.775 | 17 | −0.11 (1.20) | 8 | 0.23 (1.14) | 0.640 |
Site #40 | ||||||||||
#44M | 20 | −0.16 (1.15) | 24 | 0.20 (1.12) | 0.351 | 16 | −0.23 (0.83) | 12 | −0.09 (0.62) | 0.834 |
#44D | 20 | 0.26 (1.64) | 24 | −0.08 (0.64) | 0.457 | 16 | 0.21 (0.62) | 12 | 0.15 (0.50) | 0.889 |
#45M | 19 | −0.03 (0.79) | 24 | −0.03 (1.03) | 0.990 | 16 | 0.38 (0.88) | 13 | 0.29 (0.79) | 0.676 |
#45D | 19 | −0.22 (0.66) | 24 | 0.30 (1.33) | 0.126 | 16 | 0.22 (0.61) | 13 | 0.16 (0.54) | 0.947 |
#46M | 19 | 0.34 (1.82) | 23 | 0.17 (1.58) | 0.752 | 15 | 0.03 (0.80) | 11 | 0.05 (0.72) | 0.658 |
#46D | 19 | 0.02 (0.69) | 23 | 0.22 (1.41) | 0.889 | 15 | −0.06 (1.03) | 12 | 0.28 (0.61) | 0.282 |
#47M | 19 | −0.77 (1.32) | 15 | 0.39 (1.89) | 0.017 * | 14 | 0.19 (1.01) | 14 | 0.56 (1.21) | 0.488 |
#47D | 19 | −0.33 (2.85) | 15 | 0.60 (2.45) | 0.211 | 14 | −0.14 (1.28) | 14 | −0.19 (1.60) | 0.782 |
Variable | Smoking | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present | Past | Not | |||||||||||||
GTR | Flap | p | GTR | Flap | p | GTR | Flap | p | |||||||
N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | ||||
Total | 280 | 0.10 (0.13) | 239 | 0.22 (0.12) | 0.120 | 91 | −0.05 (0.11) | 82 | 0.09 (0.11) | 0.693 | 839 | 0.01 (1.32) | 750 | 0.19 (0.96) | 0.009 * |
Location | |||||||||||||||
Site #10 | |||||||||||||||
#14M | 8 | 0.56 (1.87) | 4 | 0.38 (0.34) | 0.495 | 3 | −0.13 (0.12) | 2 | 0.15 (0.64) | 1.000 | 28 | −0.25 (1.27) | 32 | 0.26 (0.71) | 0.096 |
#14D | 10 | −0.03 (0.63) | 9 | 0.33 (0.41) | 0.205 | 5 | 0.16 (0.45) | 3 | 0.63 (0.67) | 0.131 | 24 | −0.39 (1.46) | 26 | 0.28 (0.82) | 0.080 |
#15M | 9 | −0.11 (0.52) | 6 | 0.13 (0.29) | 0.473 | 4 | −0.58 (0.74) | 1 | N/A | 0.277 | 26 | 0.15 (0.60) | 32 | 0.40 (0.69) | 0.194 |
#15D | 10 | 0.15 (0.95) | 11 | 0.47 (1.08) | 0.501 | 5 | 1.46 (2.07) | 1 | N/A | 0.546 | 24 | 0.23 (0.62) | 27 | 0.22 (0.57) | 0.769 |
#16M | 5 | −0.66 (1.30) | 5 | 0.02 (1.21) | 0.465 | 3 | 0.63 (0.50) | 1 | N/A | 0.180 | 28 | 0.08 (1.18) | 32 | 0.25 (0.71) | 0.630 |
#16D | 8 | 0.29 (0.38) | 11 | 0.17 (0.78) | 0.589 | 6 | −0.07 (0.58) | 2 | 0.40 (0.14) | 0.317 | 22 | 0.05 (1.75) | 25 | 0.38 (1.35) | 0.276 |
#17M | 3 | −0.13 (0.95) | 6 | 0.48 (0.59) | 0.362 | 1 | N/A | 1 | N/A | 0.317 | 31 | 0.10 (0.98) | 29 | 0.38 (1.13) | 0.366 |
#17D | 9 | 0.82 (1.92) | 10 | 0.88 (2.07) | 0.838 | 3 | −0.50 (0.52) | 4 | −0.23 (0.30) | 0.368 | 23 | −0.06 (1.64) | 22 | 0.28 (0.97) | 0.044 |
Site #20 | |||||||||||||||
#24M | 9 | 0.69 (1.27) | 6 | −0.43 (0.60) | 0.037* | 1 | N/A | 0 | N/A | N/A | |||||
#24D | 12 | 0.36 (0.45) | 14 | −0.34 (0.88) | 0.074 | 5 | −0.32 (0.99) | 3 | −1.03 (1.30) | 0.294 | 38 | −0.13 (0.86) | 30 | 0.02 (0.82) | 0.332 |
#25M | 8 | 0.10 (0.62) | 7 | −0.11 (0.89) | 0.602 | 1 | N/A (N/A) | 1 | N/A | 0.317 | 31 | −0.23 (0.87) | 19 | 0.17 (0.66) | 0.126 |
#25D | 14 | −0.09 (0.74) | 9 | 0.12 (0.69) | 0.229 | 4 | −0.83 (0.76) | 5 | 0.48 (0.53) | 0.027* | 38 | −0.26 (1.28) | 26 | 0.25 (0.74) | 0.089 |
#26M | 10 | −0.26 (0.80) | 6 | −0.07 (0.70) | 0.785 | 2 | 0.15 (0.21) | 4 | 0.53 (1.36) | 1.000 | 29 | −0.32 (1.18) | 20 | −0.31 (1.64) | 0.380 |
#26D | 10 | −0.08 (0.80) | 9 | −0.17 (1.17) | 0.870 | 5 | 0.02 (0.18) | 3 | 0.80 (0.96) | 0.453 | 36 | 0.33 (1.29) | 21 | 0.44 (0.97) | 0.993 |
#27M | 9 | 1.24 (1.49) | 5 | −1.06 (1.31) | 0.019 * | 1 | N/A | 3 | 0.67 (0.65) | 0.180 | 33 | 0.47 (1.90) | 19 | 0.17 (0.67) | 0.754 |
#27D | 14 | 0.46 (1.48) | 13 | 0.34 (1.30) | 0.697 | 1 | N/A | 4 | −0.03 (0.41) | 0.717 | 28 | 0.94 (3.24) | 23 | 0.21 (1.65) | 0.622 |
Site #30 | |||||||||||||||
#34M | 6 | 0.10 (0.73) | 3 | −0.37 (0.67) | 0.362 | 2 | −0.20 (2.12) | 3 | −0.07 (0.55) | 1.000 | 25 | 0.06 (0.99) | 25 | 0.3 (0.63) | 0.161 |
#34D | 11 | 0.04 (0.65) | 8 | 0.23 (0.52) | 0.617 | 2 | −0.40 (0.28) | 2 | −0.35 (0.64) | 1.000 | 20 | 0.09 (0.76) | 21 | 0.15 (0.63) | 0.522 |
#35M | 6 | −1.05 (1.23) | 2 | −0.10 (0.14) | 0.129 | 1 | N/A | 1 | N/A | 0.317 | 28 | −0.07 (0.80) | 28 | 0.16 (0.69) | 0.221 |
#35D | 12 | −0.18 (1.16) | 10 | 0.36 (0.55) | 0.289 | 2 | 0.75 (0.07) | 2 | 0.55 (1.20) | 1.000 | 21 | 0.03 (0.60) | 19 | −0.15 (0.83) | 0.635 |
#36M | 4 | −0.10 (0.22) | 4 | −0.18 (1.98) | 0.468 | 2 | −0.50 (0.14) | 1 | N/A | 0.480 | 29 | −0.16 (0.92) | 22 | 0.05 (0.76) | 0.336 |
#36D | 10 | −0.05 (0.75) | 9 | 0.37 (0.97) | 0.487 | 3 | 0.57 (0.90) | 3 | 0.20 (1.13) | 0.827 | 22 | −0.04 (1.01) | 15 | 0.29 (0.99) | 0.233 |
#37M | 7 | 0.59 (1.51) | 4 | 1.48 (2.13) | 0.448 | 3 | 0.50 (0.50) | 4 | 0.33 (1.30) | 0.858 | 24 | 0.08 (1.46) | 19 | 0.05 (1.04) | 0.961 |
#37D | 9 | −0.51 (2.84) | 6 | 0.22 (0.93) | 0.637 | 2 | 0.70 (0.99) | 4 | −1.20 (0.37) | 0.064 | 23 | −0.12 (1.35) | 17 | 0.63 (1.21) | 0.118 |
Site #40 | |||||||||||||||
#44M | 4 | 0.00 (0.29) | 8 | 0.59 (1.81) | 0.495 | 3 | −0.40 (0.80) | 2 | 0.10 (0.28) | 0.564 | 29 | −0.20 (1.10) | 26 | −0.04 (0.57) | 0.800 |
#44D | 10 | 1.12 (1.93) | 10 | −0.01 (0.55) | 0.041 * | 3 | −1.00 (1.28) | 4 | −0.60 (1.16) | 0.724 | 23 | 0.01 (0.55) | 22 | 0.10 (0.45) | 0.715 |
#45M | 5 | −0.50 (0.57) | 5 | 0.84 (1.06) | 0.028 * | 2 | 0.75 (1.06) | 3 | −0.03 (1.50) | 0.564 | 28 | 0.23 (0.83) | 29 | −0.04 (0.86) | 0.143 |
#45D | 9 | −0.03 (0.64) | 10 | 0.02 (0.77) | 0.652 | 3 | −0.17 (1.11) | 6 | 0.88 (2.27) | 0.362 | 23 | 0.00 (0.65) | 21 | 0.18 (0.71) | 0.409 |
#46M | 7 | −0.03 (0.79) | 5 | −0.24 (2.10) | 0.569 | 1 | N/A | 2 | 0.85 (3.89) | 1.000 | 26 | 0.24 (1.60) | 27 | 0.14 (1.00) | 0.624 |
#46D | 15 | −0.37 (0.93) | 12 | 0.63 (1.72) | 0.117 | 3 | 0.20 (0.36) | 3 | −0.37 (0.49) | 0.127 | 16 | 0.27 (0.73) | 20 | 0.10 (0.78) | 0.678 |
#47M | 6 | −0.43 (1.01) | 6 | 0.18 (1.08) | 0.226 | 4 | −0.15 (0.34) | 1 | N/A | 0.480 | 23 | −0.39 (1.45) | 22 | 0.59 (1.72) | 0.058 |
#47D | 11 | 0.25 (2.75) | 6 | 1.40 (3.26) | 0.392 | 5 | −0.70 (1.98) | 3 | −0.63 (0.60) | 1.000 | 17 | −0.44 (2.13) | 20 | −0.01 (1.72) | 0.234 |
Variable | Age | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
29–45 Years Old | 46–53 Years Old | 54–76 Years Old | |||||||||||||
GTR | FLAP | p | GTR | FLAP | p | GTR | FLAP | p | |||||||
N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | ||||
Total | 416 | −0.17 (0.12) | 376 | 0.17 (0.10) | 0.00001 * | 388 | 0.19 (0.13) | 312 | 0.24 (0.11) | 0.040 * | 406 | 0.08 (0.14) | 383 | 0.16 (0.10) | 0.125 |
Location | |||||||||||||||
Site #10 | |||||||||||||||
#14M | 10 | −0.23 (0.55) | 13 | 0.19 (0.39) | 0.087 | 13 | −0.02 (0.46) | 10 | 0.12 (0.78) | 0.618 | 16 | −0.03 (2.11) | 15 | 0.43 (0.78) | 0.352 |
#14D | 10 | −0.32 (0.66) | 13 | 0.26 (0.41) | 0.016 * | 13 | 0.03 (0.55) | 10 | 0.43 (1.06) | 0.223 | 16 | −0.38 (1.76) | 15 | 0.31 (0.72) | 0.332 |
#15M | 11 | −0.03 (0.56) | 13 | 0.22 (0.51) | 0.337 | 12 | −0.01 (0.72) | 10 | 0.34 (0.52) | 0.186 | 16 | 0.06 (0.63) | 16 | 0.48 (0.80) | 0.162 |
#15D | 11 | 0.66 (1.71) | 13 | 0.19 (0.67) | 0.642 | 12 | 0.18 (0.56) | 10 | 0.34 (0.62) | 0.427 | 16 | 0.30 (0.67) | 16 | 0.36 (0.88) | 0.777 |
#16M | 9 | −0.71 (1.10) | 13 | 0.14 (0.67) | 0.076 | 12 | 0.48 (0.77) | 9 | 0.30 (1.03) | 0.943 | 15 | 0.09 (1.33) | 16 | 0.21 (0.73) | 0.905 |
#16D | 9 | −0.32 (1.24) | 13 | 0.20 (0.92) | 0.192 | 12 | 0.06 (0.76) | 9 | 0.78 (1.53) | 0.251 | 15 | 0.35 (1.82) | 16 | 0.17 (1.13) | 0.782 |
#17M | 8 | −0.58 (1.30) | 13 | 0.39 (1.37) | 0.180 | 12 | 0.1 (0.63) | 7 | 0.63 (0.51) | 0.074 | 15 | 0.32 (0.92) | 16 | 0.30 (0.94) | 0.766 |
#17D | 8 | −0.43 (1.02) | 13 | 0.35 (1.83) | 0.514 | 12 | 0.67 (2.44) | 7 | 0.06 (0.57) | 1.000 | 15 | −0.01 (1.10) | 16 | 0.56 (1.14) | 0.038 |
Site #20 | |||||||||||||||
#24M | 16 | 0.03 (1.04) | 14 | −0.05 (0.76) | 0.532 | 17 | 0.03 (0.76) | 11 | 0.02 (1.08) | 0.981 | 15 | 0.03 (1.19) | 11 | −0.13 (0.57) | 0.549 |
#24D | 16 | 0.13 (0.53) | 14 | −0.11 (0.67) | 0.631 | 17 | 0.08 (0.73) | 11 | 0.36 (0.87) | 0.239 | 15 | −0.52 (1.05) | 11 | −0.64 (0.87) | 0.585 |
#25M | 15 | −0.29 (1.76) | 14 | 0.07 (0.6) | 0.930 | 17 | −0.08 (0.55) | 10 | 0.40 (0.98) | 0.174 | 15 | −0.3 (1.08) | 10 | −0.01 (0.81) | 0.469 |
#25D | 15 | −0.39 (1.47) | 14 | −0.08 (0.93) | 0.457 | 17 | −0.13 (0.73) | 10 | −0.11 (2.23) | 0.050 * | 15 | −0.39 (0.85) | 10 | −0.04 (0.56) | 0.502 |
#26M | 16 | −0.21 (0.94) | 10 | 0.08 (0.58) | 0.544 | 17 | 0.17 (0.74) | 9 | 0.39 (1.02) | 0.808 | 15 | 0.67 (1.67) | 12 | 0.56 (1.19) | 0.825 |
#26D | 16 | −0.35 (1.14) | 10 | 0.11 (0.81) | 0.398 | 17 | 0.29 (0.79) | 9 | 0.34 (0.83) | 0.646 | 15 | 1.02 (2.39) | 12 | −0.01 (1.01) | 0.170 |
#27M | 11 | −0.57 (1.39) | 12 | 0.03 (1.08) | 0.281 | 14 | 1.84 (3.48) | 9 | 0.61 (1.34) | 0.614 | 13 | 1.20 (2.89) | 10 | −0.43 (2.18) | 0.238 |
#27D | 11 | −0.32 (1.05) | 12 | −0.11 (1.39) | 0.711 | 14 | 0.06 (1.26) | 9 | 0.60 (0.50) | 0.072 | 13 | 0.60 (1.64) | 10 | 0.05 (0.50) | 0.071 |
Site #30 | |||||||||||||||
#34M | 16 | −0.07 (0.67) | 11 | 0.16 (0.49) | 0.308 | 10 | 0.49 (1.17) | 9 | −0.03 (0.77) | 0.436 | 7 | −0.31 (1.19) | 11 | 0.43 (0.65) | 0.220 |
#34D | 16 | 0.05 (0.66) | 11 | 0.06 (0.52) | 0.921 | 10 | 0.09 (0.53) | 9 | 0.43 (0.55) | 0.175 | 7 | −0.04 (1.05) | 11 | −0.03 (0.67) | 0.555 |
#35M | 17 | −0.29 (0.68) | 11 | 0.36 (0.78) | 0.036 * | 11 | −0.20 (0.53) | 9 | −0.04 (0.65) | 0.760 | 7 | −0.09 (1.80) | 11 | 0.16 (0.6) | 0.496 |
#35D | 17 | −0.03 (0.71) | 11 | 0.36 (0.58) | 0.229 | 11 | 0.15 (0.6) | 9 | −0.27 (0.82) | 0.237 | 7 | −0.16 (1.38) | 11 | 0.04 (0.91) | 0.964 |
#36M | 17 | −0.26 (0.62) | 9 | −0.4 (1.36) | 0.552 | 11 | 0.00 (0.67) | 8 | 0.19 (0.68) | 0.455 | 7 | −0.21 (1.46) | 10 | 0.18 (0.70) | 0.961 |
#36D | 17 | −0.08 (0.83) | 9 | 0.36 (0.58) | 0.124 | 11 | −0.04 (1.02) | 8 | 0.29 (1.11) | 0.508 | 7 | 0.30 (1.08) | 10 | 0.28 (1.17) | 0.660 |
#37M | 18 | 0.02 (1.58) | 9 | −0.07 (1.25) | 0.837 | 9 | 0.50 (1.14) | 7 | −0.37 (0.83) | 0.090 | 7 | 0.40 (1.32) | 11 | 1.04 (1.34) | 0.585 |
#37D | 18 | −0.24 (2.14) | 9 | 0.36 (1.21) | 0.381 | 9 | 0.2 (1.55) | 7 | −0.63 (0.57) | 0.080 | 7 | −0.49 (1.22) | 11 | 0.76 (1.31) | 0.146 |
Site #40 | |||||||||||||||
#44M | 12 | −0.14 (1.19) | 12 | 0.25 (0.55) | 0.469 | 10 | 0.01 (1.03) | 13 | 0.32 (1.47) | 0.755 | 14 | −0.38 (0.85) | 11 | −0.31 (0.39) | 0.600 |
#44D | 12 | 0.37 (2.06) | 12 | 0.23 (0.47) | 0.469 | 10 | 0.10 (0.35) | 13 | 0.06 (0.72) | 0.619 | 14 | 0.22 (0.83) | 11 | −0.35 (0.45) | 0.061 |
#45M | 11 | 0.33 (0.75) | 12 | 0.24 (0.83) | 0.643 | 10 | 0.25 (0.74) | 13 | 0.22 (0.96) | 0.828 | 14 | −0.04 (0.99) | 12 | −0.23 (1.07) | 0.680 |
#45D | 11 | 0.12 (0.57) | 12 | 0.38 (0.36) | 0.153 | 10 | −0.18 (0.74) | 13 | 0.58 (1.71) | 0.144 | 14 | −0.01 (0.70) | 12 | −0.23 (0.56) | 0.353 |
#46M | 11 | 0.24 (0.72) | 12 | −0.02 (1.13) | 0.478 | 10 | 0.36 (2.17) | 13 | 0.37 (1.75) | 0.153 | 13 | 0.06 (1.33) | 9 | −0.03 (1.03) | 0.947 |
#46D | 11 | 0.19 (0.96) | 12 | 0.13 (1.39) | 0.579 | 10 | 0.15 (0.60) | 13 | 0.39 (1.34) | 0.733 | 13 | −0.32 (0.87) | 10 | 0.19 (0.71) | 0.250 |
#47M | 10 | −1.05 (1.64) | 10 | 0.69 (2.12) | 0.010 * | 9 | −0.10 (1.15) | 9 | −0.09 (1.16) | 0.965 | 14 | −0.05 (0.89) | 10 | 0.76 (1.25) | 0.150 |
#47D | 10 | −1.64 (2.05) | 10 | 0.77 (2.64) | 0.011 * | 9 | 0.88 (3.29) | 9 | 0.28 (1.61) | 0.626 | 14 | 0.02 (0.95) | 10 | −0.39 (1.86) | 0.953 |
Variable | CBCT Interval | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
87–490 Days | 491–859 Days | 860–1543 Days | |||||||||||||
GTR | Flap | p | GTR | Flap | p | GTR | Flap | p | |||||||
N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | ||||
Total | 404 | −0.06 (0.12) | 332 | 0.17 (0.08) | 0.00001 * | 362 | 0.02 (0.12) | 419 | 0.20 (0.12) | 0.018 * | 444 | 0.11 (0.14) | 320 | 0.20 (0.10) | 0.092 |
Location | |||||||||||||||
Site #10 | |||||||||||||||
#14M | 11 | −0.30 (0.91) | 14 | 0.20 (0.51) | 0.084 | 12 | 0.10 (0.56) | 18 | 0.33 (0.85) | 0.308 | 16 | −0.06 (2.00) | 6 | 0.20 (0.34) | 0.529 |
#14D | 11 | −0.06 (0.70) | 14 | 0.54 (0.85) | 0.094 | 12 | −0.73 (1.94) | 18 | 0.26 (0.67) | 0.048 * | 16 | 0.04 (0.56) | 6 | 0.02 (0.52) | 0.912 |
#15M | 11 | −0.14 (0.62) | 14 | 0.26 (0.63) | 0.146 | 12 | −0.05 (0.71) | 19 | 0.46 (0.71) | 0.084 | 16 | 0.16 (0.58) | 6 | 0.23 (0.45) | 0.767 |
#15D | 11 | −0.06 (0.63) | 14 | 0.33 (0.76) | 0.138 | 12 | 0.54 (0.78) | 19 | 0.31 (0.82) | 0.502 | 16 | 0.53 (1.35) | 6 | 0.20 (0.46) | 0.795 |
#16M | 11 | −0.11 (1.29) | 14 | 0.38 (0.74) | 0.285 | 11 | 0.23 (1.32) | 17 | 0.23 (0.77) | 0.869 | 14 | −0.04 (1.02) | 7 | −0.19 (0.79) | 0.525 |
#16D | 11 | −0.44 (1.23) | 14 | 0.14 (0.74) | 0.188 | 11 | 0.50 (2.05) | 17 | 0.64 (1.54) | 0.247 | 14 | 0.16 (0.65) | 7 | −0.07 (0.63) | 0.501 |
#17M | 9 | −0.26 (1.12) | 12 | 0.57 (0.71) | 0.039 * | 11 | 0.23 (0.81) | 18 | 0.42 (1.17) | 0.770 | 15 | 0.08 (1.02) | 6 | 0.00 (1.24) | 0.969 |
#17D | 9 | −0.01 (0.98) | 12 | 0.38 (1.02) | 0.545 | 11 | 0.50 (2.18) | 18 | 0.32 (1.73) | 0.787 | 15 | −0.06 (1.65) | 6 | 0.60 (0.36) | 0.017 * |
Site #20 | |||||||||||||||
#24M | 18 | −0.19 (0.50) | 13 | 0.10 (0.69) | 0.074 | 12 | 0.13 (0.93) | 11 | 0.14 (0.95) | 0.734 | 18 | 0.18 (1.33) | 12 | −0.39 (0.71) | 0.122 |
#24D | 18 | −0.04 (0.66) | 13 | −0.36 (0.92) | 0.470 | 12 | 0.19 (0.61) | 11 | −0.03 (1.15) | 0.926 | 18 | −0.33 (1.04) | 12 | 0.03 (0.39) | 0.339 |
#25M | 17 | −0.42 (1.55) | 13 | 0.08 (0.86) | 0.502 | 11 | −0.04 (0.71) | 10 | 0.20 (0.96) | 0.502 | 19 | −0.14 (1.07) | 11 | 0.17 (0.54) | 0.289 |
#25D | 17 | −0.40 (1.33) | 13 | 0.07 (0.71) | 0.130 | 11 | −0.28 (0.68) | 10 | −0.47 (2.24) | 0.306 | 19 | −0.21 (0.95) | 11 | 0.11 (0.73) | 0.342 |
#26M | 18 | 0.39 (1.69) | 10 | 0.10 (0.65) | 0.386 | 12 | −0.21 (0.74) | 10 | 0.72 (0.96) | 0.032 * | 18 | 0.27 (0.75) | 11 | 0.26 (1.18) | 0.557 |
#26D | 18 | 0.53 (1.86) | 10 | 0.25 (0.56) | 0.665 | 12 | 0.26 (1.94) | 10 | 0.11 (1.33) | 0.575 | 18 | 0.11 (1.14) | 11 | 0.05 (0.65) | 0.840 |
#27M | 12 | 0.93 (1.85) | 10 | −0.18 (0.99) | 0.261 | 10 | 1.14 (3.03) | 10 | −0.27 (2.42) | 0.384 | 16 | 0.79 (3.59) | 11 | 0.56 (0.98) | 0.236 |
#27D | 12 | 0.09 (1.73) | 10 | −0.11 (0.80) | 0.766 | 10 | −0.04 (1.00) | 10 | 0.12 (0.76) | 0.705 | 16 | 0.28 (1.33) | 11 | 0.41 (1.26) | 0.225 |
Site #30 | |||||||||||||||
#34M | 10 | −0.43 (0.72) | 7 | 0.16 (0.49) | 0.095 | 13 | 0.16 (0.50) | 12 | 0.13 (0.79) | 0.445 | 10 | 0.38 (1.47) | 12 | 0.30 (0.59) | 0.947 |
#34D | 10 | −0.11 (0.40) | 7 | 0.26 (0.32) | 0.077 | 13 | 0.15 (0.64) | 12 | 0.08 (0.50) | 0.784 | 10 | 0.06 (1.00) | 12 | 0.13 (0.81) | 0.869 |
#35M | 10 | 0.05 (0.22) | 8 | −0.05 (0.78) | 0.591 | 15 | −0.28 (0.71) | 12 | 0.33 (0.65) | 0.042 * | 10 | −0.41 (1.53) | 11 | 0.16 (0.66) | 0.191 |
#35D | 10 | −0.13 (0.63) | 8 | 0.29 (0.49) | 0.180 | 15 | 0.31 (0.56) | 12 | −0.01 (0.91) | 0.261 | 10 | −0.33 (1.20) | 11 | −0.03 (0.86) | 0.572 |
#36M | 11 | −0.18 (0.81) | 6 | −0.10 (1.11) | 0.480 | 14 | −0.10 (0.49) | 11 | −0.47 (0.92) | 0.364 | 10 | −0.25 (1.25) | 10 | 0.55 (0.70) | 0.049 * |
#36D | 11 | 0.13 (0.78) | 6 | 0.22 (0.59) | 0.920 | 14 | −0.21 (0.82) | 11 | 0.42 (1.23) | 0.198 | 10 | 0.20 (1.20) | 10 | 0.24 (0.85) | 0.677 |
#37M | 9 | 0.63 (1.62) | 5 | −0.30 (0.96) | 0.255 | 15 | 0.01 (1.35) | 11 | −0.02 (0.82) | 0.856 | 10 | 0.18 (1.36) | 11 | 0.90 (1.66) | 0.307 |
#37D | 9 | −0.74 (2.63) | 5 | 0.14 (0.77) | 0.503 | 15 | 0.41 (1.11) | 11 | 0.38 (1.54) | 0.795 | 10 | −0.53 (1.71) | 11 | 0.21 (1.14) | 0.230 |
Site #40 | |||||||||||||||
#44M | 14 | 0.01 (0.55) | 11 | −0.04 (0.30) | 0.659 | 9 | −0.64 (1.41) | 13 | 0.58 (1.42) | 0.116 | 13 | −0.10 (1.05) | 12 | −0.28 (0.58) | 0.785 |
#44D | 14 | 0.06 (0.53) | 11 | −0.02 (0.53) | 0.783 | 9 | −0.44 (0.92) | 13 | −0.06 (0.76) | 0.547 | 13 | 0.90 (1.74) | 12 | 0.07 (0.51) | 0.091 |
#45M | 14 | 0.14 (0.95) | 10 | 0.03 (0.70) | 0.837 | 9 | −0.24 (0.81) | 14 | −0.06 (0.84) | 0.924 | 12 | 0.48 (0.63) | 13 | 0.28 (1.25) | 0.978 |
#45D | 14 | −0.11 (0.86) | 10 | 0.61 (1.74) | 0.394 | 9 | −0.08 (0.48) | 14 | 0.03 (0.61) | 0.567 | 12 | 0.13 (0.53) | 13 | 0.21 (0.93) | 0.585 |
#46M | 14 | −0.34 (1.01) | 11 | 0.42 (1.39) | 0.227 | 8 | 0.33 (1.29) | 11 | 0.15 (1.07) | 1.000 | 12 | 0.77 (1.81) | 12 | −0.16 (1.59) | 0.339 |
#46D | 14 | −0.06 (1.00) | 11 | 0.27 (1.50) | 0.913 | 8 | −0.01 (0.92) | 12 | 0.17 (1.32) | 0.817 | 12 | 0.03 (0.65) | 12 | 0.29 (0.76) | 0.418 |
#47M | 13 | −0.25 (0.95) | 8 | 0.21 (0.49) | 0.076 | 7 | −1.14 (2.01) | 12 | 0.36 (2.11) | 0.117 | 13 | −0.07 (0.97) | 9 | 0.86 (1.44) | 0.150 |
#47D | 13 | −0.34 (2.48) | 8 | 0.06 (0.61) | 0.514 | 7 | −0.87 (1.42) | 12 | −0.01 (2.93) | 0.525 | 13 | 0.18 (2.53) | 9 | 0.66 (1.66) | 0.332 |
Alveolar Bone Loss | |||
---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p | |
Type of surgery (GTR/Flap) | 0.731 | 0.619–0.862 | 0.001 * |
Sex | 1.025 | 0.849–1.237 | 0.798 |
Age | 0.998 | 0.988–1.009 | 0.753 |
Smoking | 0.979 | 0.790–1.214 | 0.847 |
Systemic diseases | 1.275 | 0.794–2.049 | 0.354 |
Medicine | 1.295 | 0.804–2.085 | 0.514 |
Upper/Lower jaw | 1.255 | 1.063–1.481 | 0.007 * |
Sites | 1.055 | 0.832–1.336 | 0.528 |
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Lee, I.-K.; Choi, H.-S.; Jeong, S.-H.; Lee, J.-T. Evaluating Change of Marginal Bone Height with Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Following Surgical Treatment with Guided Tissue Regeneration (Bone Grafting) or Access Flap Alone: A Retrospective Study. Medicina 2021, 57, 869. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090869
Lee I-K, Choi H-S, Jeong S-H, Lee J-T. Evaluating Change of Marginal Bone Height with Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Following Surgical Treatment with Guided Tissue Regeneration (Bone Grafting) or Access Flap Alone: A Retrospective Study. Medicina. 2021; 57(9):869. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090869
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, In-Kyung, Hyun-Seok Choi, Sang-Heon Jeong, and Jung-Tae Lee. 2021. "Evaluating Change of Marginal Bone Height with Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Following Surgical Treatment with Guided Tissue Regeneration (Bone Grafting) or Access Flap Alone: A Retrospective Study" Medicina 57, no. 9: 869. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090869