The Association of Polymorphisms in Genes Encoding Antioxidant Enzymes GPX1 (rs1050450), SOD2 (rs4880) and Transcriptional Factor Nrf2 (rs6721961) with the Risk and Development of Prostate Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Selection of Patients
2.2. Histological Assessment
2.3. Laboratory Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Patients n = 235 | Controls n = 240 | p |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) * | 68.84 ± 6.95 | 67.43 ± 9.01 | 0.057 |
BMI (kg/m2) * | 26.98 ± 3.48 | 26.71 ± 3.83 | 0.472 |
Hypertension, n (%) ** | |||
Yes | 127 (58) | 82 (43) | |
No | 93 (42) | 109 (57) | 0.003 |
Diabetes mellitus type 2, n (%) ** | |||
Yes | 38 (17) | 11 (7) | |
No | 190 (83) | 154 (93) | 0.003 |
Initial PSA (ng/mL), n (%)** | |||
<10 | 78 (34) | / | / |
10–20 | 67 (29) | / | / |
>20 | 85 (37) | / | / |
Gleason score, n (%) ** | |||
6 | 56 (30) | / | / |
7 (3 + 4) | 52 (28) | / | / |
7 (4 + 3) | 28 (15) | / | / |
8 | 28 (15) | / | / |
9/10 | 22 (12) | / | / |
Treatment modality, n (%) | |||
Radical prostatectomy | 97 (41) | / | / |
EBRT | 138 (59) | / | / |
Genotype | Patients, n (%) | Controls, n (%) | OR 1 ** (95% CI) | p | OR 2 ** (95% CI) | p | OR 3 ** (95% CI) | p | OR 4 ** (95% CI) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GPX1 | ||||||||||
GPX1*T/T | 19 (8) | 22 (9) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
GPX1*C/C + C/T | 211 (92) | 218 (91) | 1.12 (0.59–2.13) | 0.728 | 1.06 (0.54–2.08) | 0.869 | 1.25 (0.58–2.70) | 0.570 | 1.27 (0.55–2.93) | 0.570 |
SOD2 | ||||||||||
SOD2*T/T | 60 (26) | 73 (30) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
SOD2*C/C + C/T | 168 (74) | 167 (70) | 1.22 (0.82–1.83) | 0.326 | 1.31 (0.87–1.98) | 0.191 | 1.67 (1.01–2.76) | 0.046 | 1.82 (1.09–3.03) | 0.022 |
Nrf2 | ||||||||||
Nrf2*C/A + A/A | 58 (25) | 64 (28) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Nrf2*C/C | 176 (75) | 166 (72) | 1.18 (0.77–1.77) | 0.457 | 1.17 (0.77–1.78) | 0.468 | 1.24 (0.74–2.07) | 0.417 | 1.28 (0.75–2.17) | 0.362 |
Genotype | Patients, n (%) | Controls, n (%) | OR 1 ** (95% CI) | p | OR 2 ** (95% CI) | p | OR 3 ** (95% CI) | p | OR 4 ** (95% CI) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GPX1 + Nrf2 | ||||||||||
GPX1*T/T + Nrf2*C/A + A/A | 3 (2) | 3 (2) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
GPX1*C/C + C/T + Nrf2*C/C | 156(98) | 150 (98) | 1.04 (0.21–5.23) | 0.962 | 1.02 (0.20–5.15) | 0.869 | 0.31 (0.03–3.79) | 0.570 | 0.28 (0.02–3.83) | 0.339 |
SOD2 + Nrf2 | ||||||||||
SOD2*T/T + Nrf2*C/A + A/A | 10 (8) | 24 (17) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
SOD2*C/C + C/T + Nrf2*C/C | 122 (92) | 118(83) | 2.48 (0.82–1.83) | 0.022 | 2.48 (0.87–1.98) | 0.021 | 3.75 (1.01–2.76) | 0.009 | 4.07 (1.09–3.03) | 0.006 |
GPX1 + SOD2 | ||||||||||
GPX1*T/T + SOD2*T/T | 4 (2) | 7 (4) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
GPX1*C/C + C/T + SOD2*C/C + C/A | 153 (98) | 152 (96) | 1.76 (0.50–6.14) | 0.374 | 1.58 (0.44–5.72) | 0.484 | 1.07 (0.19–6.17) | 0.938 | 1.12 (0.19–6.50) | 0.898 |
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Djokic, M.; Radic, T.; Santric, V.; Dragicevic, D.; Suvakov, S.; Mihailovic, S.; Stankovic, V.; Cekerevac, M.; Simic, T.; Nikitovic, M.; et al. The Association of Polymorphisms in Genes Encoding Antioxidant Enzymes GPX1 (rs1050450), SOD2 (rs4880) and Transcriptional Factor Nrf2 (rs6721961) with the Risk and Development of Prostate Cancer. Medicina 2022, 58, 1414. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101414
Djokic M, Radic T, Santric V, Dragicevic D, Suvakov S, Mihailovic S, Stankovic V, Cekerevac M, Simic T, Nikitovic M, et al. The Association of Polymorphisms in Genes Encoding Antioxidant Enzymes GPX1 (rs1050450), SOD2 (rs4880) and Transcriptional Factor Nrf2 (rs6721961) with the Risk and Development of Prostate Cancer. Medicina. 2022; 58(10):1414. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101414
Chicago/Turabian StyleDjokic, Milica, Tanja Radic, Veljko Santric, Dejan Dragicevic, Sonja Suvakov, Smiljana Mihailovic, Vesna Stankovic, Milica Cekerevac, Tatjana Simic, Marina Nikitovic, and et al. 2022. "The Association of Polymorphisms in Genes Encoding Antioxidant Enzymes GPX1 (rs1050450), SOD2 (rs4880) and Transcriptional Factor Nrf2 (rs6721961) with the Risk and Development of Prostate Cancer" Medicina 58, no. 10: 1414. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101414