Analysis of Medication Errors Reported by Community Pharmacists in the Republic of Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Medication Use Process | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Prescribing | Dispensing | Administering | Others | Missing | |
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
Total | 9046 | 8098 | 605 | 171 | 72 | 100 |
(100) | (89.5) | (6.7) | (1.9) | (0.8) | (1.1) | |
Level of harm | ||||||
Near miss | 7985 (88.3) | 7819 (86.4) | 109 (1.2) | 30 (0.3) | 17 (0.2) | 10 (0.1) |
No harm | 121 (1.3) | 17 (0.2) | 43 (0.5) | 37 (0.4) | 24 (0.3) | 0 |
Mild harm | 259 (2.9) | 25 (0.3) | 186 (2.1) | 34 (0.4) | 6 (0.1) | 9 (0.1) |
Moderate harm | 135 (1.5) | 16 (0.2) | 101 (1.1) | 10 (0.1) | 0 | 8 (0.1) |
Severe harm | 6 (0.1) | 0 | 6 (0.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Missing | 540 (6.0) | 222 (2.5) | 160 (1.8) | 60 (0.7) | 25 (0.3) | 73 (0.8) |
Type of error | ||||||
Wrong drug | 3815 (42.2) | 3628 (40.1) | 149 (1.6) | 27 (0.3) | 0 | 11 (0.1) |
Dosing error | 2437 (26.9) | 2193 (24.2) | 153 (1.7) | 86 (1.0) | 0 | 5 (0.1) |
Wrong duration | 1136 (12.9) | 1136 (12.6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Omission error | 513 (5.7) | 474 (5.2) | 20 (0.2) | 18 (0.2) | 0 | 1 (0.0) |
Wrong form/route | 296 (3.3) | 272 (3.0) | 20 (0.2) | 4 | 0 | 0 |
Wrong patient | 157 (1.7) | 116 (1.3) | 41 (0.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Wrong count | 58 (0.6) | 0 | 58 (0.6) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Wrong storage | 11 (0.1) | 0 | 0 | 11 (0.1) | 0 | 0 |
Expired medication | 12 (0.1) | 0 | 11 (0.1) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.0) |
Mislabeling | 14 (0.2) | 0 | 14 (0.2) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Others | 360 (4.0) | 237 (2.6) | 29 (0.3) | 22 (0.2) | 72 (0.8) | 0 |
Missing | 237 (2.6) | 42 (0.5) | 110 (1.2) | 3 (0.0) | 0 | 82 (0.9) |
Medication Use Process | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Prescribing | Dispensing | Administering | Others | Missing | |
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
Harmful MEs | 400 | 40 | 293 | 44 | 6 | 17 |
(100) | (10.0) | (73.3) | (11.0) | (1.5) | (4.3) | |
Level of harm | ||||||
Mild harm | 259 (64.8) | 24 (6.0) | 186 (46.5) | 34 (8.5) | 6 (1.5) | 9 (2.3) |
Moderate harm | 135 (33.8) | 16 (4.0) | 101 (25.3) | 10 (2.5) | 0 | 8 (2.0) |
Severe harm | 6 (1.5) | 0 | 6 (1.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Type of error | ||||||
Dosing error | 124 (31.0) | 9 (2.3) | 83 (20.8) | 27 (6.8) | 0 | 5 (1.3) |
Wrong drug | 107 (26.8) | 20 (5.0) | 86 (21.5) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.3) |
Wrong patient | 22 (5.5) | 3 (0.8) | 19 (4.8) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Omission error | 14 (3.5) | 1 (0.3) | 9 (2.3) | 3 (0.8) | 0 | 1 (0.3) |
Wrong count | 13 (3.3) | 0 | 13 (3.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mislabeling | 6 (1.5) | 0 | 6 (1.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Expired medication | 6 (1.5) | 0 | 5 (1.3) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.3) |
Wrong storage | 5 (1.3) | 0 | 0 | 5 (1.3) | 0 | 0 |
Wrong form/route | 2 (0.5) | 0 | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 0 |
Others | 24 (6.0) | 0 | 13 (3.3) | 5 (1.3) | 6 (1.5) | 0 |
Missing | 77 (19.3) | 7 (1.8) | 58 (14.5) | 3 (0.8) | 0 | 9 (2.3) |
Harmful Medication Errors (N = 255) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Therapeutic Subgroup (ATC Level 2) a | N | % | Chemical Substance | N | % | |
(ATC Level 5) a,b | ||||||
A10 | Drugs used in diabetes | 39 | 15.3 | Warfarin | 15 | 5.9 |
B01 | Anti-thrombotic agents | 21 | 8.2 | Levothyroxine sodium | 13 | 5.1 |
M01 | Anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic products | 19 | 7.5 | Glimepiride | 9 | 3.5 |
Acetylsalicylic acid | 5 | 2 | ||||
H03 | Thyroid therapy | 17 | 6.7 | Clonazepam | 5 | 2 |
N05 | Psycholeptics | 16 | 6.3 | Loxoprofen | 5 | 2 |
C09 | Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system | 14 | 5.5 | Atorvastatin | 4 | 1.6 |
N03 | Anti-epileptics | 11 | 4.3 | Dexibuprofen | 4 | 1.6 |
C10 | Lipid-modifying agents | 8 | 3.1 | Metformin | 4 | 1.6 |
N02 | Analgesics | 8 | 3.1 | Naproxen | 4 | 1.6 |
N06 | Psychoanaleptics | 8 | 3.1 | Pregabalin | 4 | 1.6 |
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Han, J.-H.; Heo, K.-N.; Han, J.; Lee, M.-S.; Kim, S.-J.; Min, S.; Ah, Y.-M.; Lee, J.-Y. Analysis of Medication Errors Reported by Community Pharmacists in the Republic of Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study. Medicina 2023, 59, 151. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010151
Han J-H, Heo K-N, Han J, Lee M-S, Kim S-J, Min S, Ah Y-M, Lee J-Y. Analysis of Medication Errors Reported by Community Pharmacists in the Republic of Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study. Medicina. 2023; 59(1):151. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010151
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan, Ju-Hee, Kyu-Nam Heo, JiMin Han, Mo-Se Lee, Su-Jin Kim, Sangil Min, Young-Mi Ah, and Ju-Yeun Lee. 2023. "Analysis of Medication Errors Reported by Community Pharmacists in the Republic of Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study" Medicina 59, no. 1: 151. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010151