Survival of Complete Coverage Tooth-Retained Fixed Lithium Disilicate Prostheses: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Focused Question
2.2. Literature Selection Criteria
2.3. Literature Search
2.4. Data Extraction
2.5. Risk of Bias Assessment
3. Results
3.1. Literature Search
3.2. General Characteristics of Included Studies
Authors, Year | Study Design | Patients (n) | Prostheses/Restoration (n) | Female (n; %) | Age Range; Mean Age (Years) | Prosthesis Design and Group(s) (n) | Maximum Observation Time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wolfart et al., 2005 [13] | Prospective | 68 | 81 | n= 38 | 20–68 | 1. LDS 3-unit FPD (n = 36) 2. LDS 3-unit FPD (inlay retained; n = 45) | 5 years |
Marquardt and Strub, 2006 [14] | Prospective | 43 | 58 | n = 19 | 22–65 | 1. LDS SC (n = 27) 2. LDS 3-unit FDP (n = 31) | 5 years |
Toksavul and Toman et al., 2007 [28] | Prospective | 21 | 79 | NR | NR | LDS SC (n = 79) | 5 years |
Esquivel-Upshaw et al., 2008 [16] | Prospective | 21 | 30 | n = 18 | 30–62 | LDS 3-unit FPD (n = 30) | 2 and 4 years |
Wolfart et al., 2009 [19] | Prospective | 28 | 33 | 17 | 47.9; 32–64 | LDS 3-unit FPD (n = 33) | 8 years |
Fasbinder et al., 2010 [19] | Prospective | 43 | 62 | NA | NA | LDS SC (n = 62) | 2 years |
Etman and Woolford 2010 [18] | RCT | 48 | 90 | NA | NA | 1. LDS (n = 30) 2. PFM (n = 30) 3. Alumina-coping (n = 30) | 3 years |
Makarouna et al., 2011 [20] | RCT | 37 | 37 | n = 23 | 47 | 1. 3-unit LDS FPD (n = 18) 2. PFM (n = 19) | 6 years |
Cortellini and Canale 2012 [9] | Prospective | 76 | 235 | n = 44 | 36; 20–61 | LDS (n = 235) | 3 years |
Kern et al., 2012 [22] | Prospective | 28 | 36 | n = 17 | 47.5 | SC LDS 1. GIC cement (n = 19) 2. RC cement (n = 17) | 10 years |
Esquivel-Upshaw et al., 2012 [21] | RCT | 31 | 36 | NR | NR | SC 1. PFM (n = 12) 2. LDS glaze only (n = 12) 3. LDS + glass ceramic veneer (n = 12) | 3 years |
Reich and Schierz 2012 [23] | Prospective | 34 | 41 | N = 21 | 46.5; 26.2–73.8 | LDS SC (n = 41) | 51 months |
Gerht et al., 2013 [25] | Prospective | 41 | 104 | n = 26 | 34 | Anterior LDS SC (n = 104) | 9 years |
Solá-Ruiz et al., 2013 [24] | Prospective | 19 | 21 | NR | NR | 3-unit FPD (n = 21) | 10 years |
Rauch et al., 2013 [26] | Prospective | 34 | 41 | 68% | 52.2; 32.9–79.9 | Posterior SC (n = 41) | 6 years |
Toksavul and Toman et al., 2015 [28] | Prospective | 34 | 121 | NR | NR | LDS SC (n = 121) | 9 years |
Grohmann et al., 2015 [27] | RCT | 60 | 60 | n = 33 | 52 | Posterior 3-unit FPD 1. LDS (n = 30) 2. ZrO2 (n = 30) | 1 year |
Aziz et al., 2019 [7] | Prospective | 32 | 40 | n = 20 | 29–79; 50.4 | LDS SC (n = 40) | 4 years |
Malament et al., 2019 [30] | Prospective | 556 | 1960 | 60.5% | 17–97 | LDS (n = 1960): SC; 3-unit FPD; cantilevered anterior; foundation restorations | 10 years |
Garling et al., 2019 [10] | Prospective | 28 | 36 | 17 | 47.5 | 3-unit LDS (n = 36): Anterior 3-unit FPD (n = 6); Posterior 3-unit FPD (n = 30) | 15 years |
Liebermann et al., 2020 [32] | Prospective | 6 | 40 | 2 | 42.2 ± 4.7 | Anterior full coverage SC LDS (n = 40) | 8 years |
Aziz et al., 2020 [31] | Prospective | 189 | 210 | n = 121 | 56.3 ±13.83 (28–88) | LDS SC | 6 years |
Gardell et al., 2021 [33] | RCT | 44 | 60 | NR | NR | 1. LDS SC (n = 30) | 3 years |
Malament et al., 2021 [34] | Prospective | 2392 | 2392 | n = 436 | 20–99 | 1. Complete coverage LDS SC (n = 1782) 2. Partial coverage LDS SC (n = 610) | 16.9 years |
Hammoudi et al., 2022 [35] | RCT | 62 (with tooth wear) | 713 | n = 17 | 44.8; 25–63 | 1. LDS SC (n = 362) 2. ZrO2 (351) | 6 years |
3.3. Prosthodontic Variables and Outcomes of the Included Studies
Authors et al., Year | Abutment Vitality | Cement/Adhesive | Clinician Type/Experience | Fabrication | Type of LDS | Repair Rate (%; Years) | Survival Rate (%; Years) Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wolfart et al., 2005 [13] | Vital | GIC | GP; 1–5 years | Lost-wax | Monolithic | 2.7%/4 years | 100%/4 years |
Marquardt and Strub, 2006 [14] | NR | RC | NR | Lost-wax | Monolithic | NR | Crowns: 100%/5 years FPD: 70%/5 years |
Toksavul and Toman et al., 2007 [28] | NR | RC | NR | Lost-wax | Monolithic | <1%/5 years | 95.21%/5 years |
Esquivel-Upshaw et al., 2008 [16] | Vital | Group 1: RMGIC Group 2: RC | NR | Lost-wax | Monolithic | NR | RMGIC: 72.7%/4 years RC: 76.9%/4 years NS |
Wolfart et al., 2009 [19] | NR | Group 1: GIC Group 2: RC | GP; mean experience: 3 years | Lost-wax | Monolithic | Overall: 13%/8 years GIC: 20%/8 years RC: 6%/8 years NS | Overall: 93%/8 years GIC: 100%/8 years RC: 85%/8 years NS |
Fasbinder et al., 2010 [19] | NR | RC | NR | CAD/CAM | Monolithic | None/2 years | 100%/2 years |
Etman and Woolford 2010 [18] | Vital | RC | NR | Lost-wax | Monolithic | All-ceramic: 6.6%/3 years LDS: none/3 years PFM: 3.3%/3 years | All groups: 100%/3 years |
Makarouna et al., 2011 [20] | NR | GIC | NR | Lost-wax | NR | LDS: 46%/6 years PFM: 11%/6 years | LDS: 62.7 ± 12.1%/6 years PFM: 94.7 ± 5.1%/6 years |
Cortellini and Canale 2012 [9] | NR | RC | NR | Lost-wax; CAD/CAM | Monolithic | Pressed: n = <1%/6 years CAD/CAM: none/6 years | Both groups: 100%/6 years |
Kern et al., 2012 [22] | Vital | GIC RC | NR | Lost-wax | Monolithic | GIC: n = 5 RC: n = 10 | Overall: 90.8%/10 years |
Esquivel-Upshaw et al., 2012 [21] | NR | RC | NR | Lost-wax | Monolithic and bilayered | None | Overall: 100%/3 years NS difference between monolithic and bilayered |
Reich and Schierz 2012 [23] | NR | RC | NR | CAD/CAM | Monolithic | Overall: 16.6%/4 years | Overall: 96.3%/4 years |
Gerht et al., 2013 [25] | Vital/non-vital | GIC and RC | Trained by manufacturer | Lost-wax | Monolithic | Overall: 5.4%/9 years | Overall: 94.8%/9 years |
Solá-Ruiz et al., 2013 [24] | Vital/non-vital | RC | NR | Lost-wax | Monolithic | NR | Overall: 71.4%/10 years |
Rauch et al., 2013 [26] | Vital (n = 24)/non-vital (n = 17) | RC | NR | CAD/CAM | Monolithic | Overall: 14.6%/6 years | 87.6%/years |
Toksavul and Toman et al., 2015 [28] | Vital, n = 110 Non-vital, n = 11 | RC | NR | Lost-wax | Monolithic | NR | 87.1%/9 years |
Grohmann et al., 2015 [27] | Vital/non-vital | RC | NR | CAD/CAM | Monolithic | ZrO2: 10%/1 year LDS: 10%/1 year | 100 %/1 year NS difference between both groups. |
Aziz et al., 2019 [7] | Vital (n = 33) Non-vital (n = 7) | RC | Final-year dental students | CAD/CAM | Monolithic | LDS: none/4 years | 95%/4 years |
Malament et al., 2019 [30] | NR | RC | NR | Lost-wax | Monolithic (n = 1410) and bi-layered (n = 550) | <1 %/10 years | Monolithic: 96.5/10.4 years Bilayered: 100%/7.9 years p < 0.05 |
Garling et al., 2019 [10] | Vital | GIC (n = 19) RC (n = 17) | NR | Lost-wax | Monolithic | NR | 48.6%/15 years |
Liebermann et al., 2020 [32] | NR | RC | NR | Lost-wax | Monolithic | 12.5%/11 years | 100 %/11 years |
Aziz et al., 2020 [31] | Vital/non-vital | RC | Final-year dental students | CAD/CAM | Monolithic | 13.3%/6 years | 93 %/6 years |
Gardell et al., 2021 [33] | Vital | RC | GP; experience not stated | Lost-wax | Monolithic | ZrO2: 20%/3 years LDS: 11.3%/3 years NS | ZrO2: 93.3%/3 years LDS: 100%/3 years NS |
Malament et al., 2021 [34] | NR | RC | NR | Lost-wax | Monolithic | <1%/16.9 years (complete and partial coverage) | 96.49%/16.9 years |
Hammoudi et al., 2022 [35] | Vital (n = 675) Non-vital (n = 38) | RC | NR | Lost-wax | Monolithic | ZrO2: <1%/6 years LDS: 1.4%/6 years | 99.7/6 years (ZrO2 and LDS) |
3.4. Factors Affecting the Survival of LD Restorations
3.5. Results of the Quality Assessment
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Ozer, F.; Mante, F.K.; Chiche, G.; Saleh, N.; Takeichi, T.; Blatz, M.B. A retrospective survey on long-term survival of posterior zirconia and porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns in private practice. Quintessence Int. 2014, 45, 31–38. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rokaya, D.; Mahat, Y.; Sapkota, B.; Basnyat, S.K.C. Full coverage crowns and resin-bonded bridge combination for missing mandibular anterior teeth. Kathmandu Univ. Med. J. 2018, 16, 97–99. [Google Scholar]
- Alenezi, A.; Alsweed, M.; Alsidrani, S.; Chrcanovic, B.R. Long-term survival and complication rates of porcelain laminate veneers in clinical studies: A systematic review. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 1074. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Saravi, B.; Vollmer, A.; Hartmann, M.; Lang, G.; Kohal, R.-J.; Boeker, M.; Patzelt, S.B.M. Clinical performance of CAD/CAM All-ceramic tooth-supported fixed dental prostheses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials 2021, 14, 2672. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nistor, L.; Grădinaru, M.; Rîcă, R.; Mărășescu, P.; Stan, M.; Manolea, H.; Ionescu, A.; Moraru, I. Zirconia use in dentistry-manufacturing and properties. Curr. Health Sci. J. 2019, 45, 28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zarone, F.; Di Mauro, M.I.; Ausiello, P.; Ruggiero, G.; Sorrentino, R. Current status on lithium disilicate and zirconia: A narrative review. BMC Oral Health 2019, 19, 134. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Aziz, A.; El-Mowafy, O.; Paredes, S. Clinical outcomes of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic crowns fabricated with CAD/CAM technology: A systematic review. Dent. Med. Probl. 2020, 57, 197–206. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Anusavice, K.J. Standardizing failure, success, and survival decisions in clinical studies of ceramic and metal–ceramic fixed dental prostheses. Dent. Mat. 2012, 28, 102–111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Cortellini, D.; Canale, A. Bonding lithium disilicate ceramic to feather-edge tooth preparations: A minimally invasive treatment concept. J. Adhes. Dent. 2012, 14, 7–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Garling, A.; Sasse, M.; Becker, M.E.E.; Kern, M. Fifteen-year outcome of three-unit fixed dental prostheses made from monolithic lithium disilicate ceramic. J. Dent. 2019, 89, 103178. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moher, D.; Liberati, A.; Tetzlaff, J.; Altman, D.G. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Ann. Intern. Med. 2009, 151, 264–269. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sterne, J.A.C.; Hernán, M.A.; Reeves, B.C.; Savović, J.; Berkman, N.D.; Viswanathan, M.; Henry, D.; Altman, D.G.; Ansari, M.T.; Boutron, I. ROBINS-I: A tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ 2016, 355, i4919. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Wolfart, S.; Bohlsen, F.; Wegner, S.M.; Kern, M. A preliminary prospective evaluation of all-ceramic crown-retained and inlay-retained fixed partial dentures. Int. J. Prosthodont. 2005, 18, 497–505. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Marquardt, P.; Strub, J.R. Survival rates of IPS empress 2 all-ceramic crowns and fixed partial dentures: Results of a 5-year prospective clinical study. Quintessence Int. 2006, 37, 253–259. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Toksavul, S.; Toman, M. A short-term clinical evaluation of IPS Empress 2 crowns. Int. J. Prosthodont. 2007, 20, 168–172. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Esquivel-Upshaw, J.F.; Young, H.; Jones, J.; Yang, M.; Anusavice, K.J. Four-Year Clinical Performance of a Lithia Disilicate—Based Core Ceramic for Posterior Fixed Partial Dentures. Int. J. Prosthodont. 2008, 21, 155–160. [Google Scholar]
- Wolfart, S.; Eschbach, S.; Scherrer, S.; Kern, M. Clinical outcome of three-unit lithium-disilicate glass–ceramic fixed dental prostheses: Up to 8 years results. Dent. Mat. 2009, 25, e63–e71. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Etman, M.K.; Woolford, M.J. Three-year clinical evaluation of two ceramic crown systems: A preliminary study. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2010, 103, 80–90. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fasbinder, D.J.; Dennison, J.B.; Heys, D.; Neiva, G. A clinical evaluation of chairside lithium disilicate CAD/CAM crowns. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2010, 141, 10S–14S. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Makarouna, M.; Ullmann, K.; Lazarek, K.; Boening, K.W. Six-year clinical performance of lithium disilicate fixed partial dentures. Int. J. Prosthodont. 2011, 24, 204–206. [Google Scholar]
- Esquivel-Upshaw, J.; Rose, W.; Oliveira, E.; Yang, M.; Clark, A.E.; Anusavice, K. Randomized, controlled clinical trial of bilayer ceramic and metal-ceramic crown performance. J. Prosthodont. 2013, 22, 166–173. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kern, M.; Sasse, M.; Wolfart, S. Ten-year outcome of three-unit fixed dental prostheses made from monolithic lithium disilicate ceramic. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2012, 143, 234–240. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Reich, S.; Schierz, O. Chair-side generated posterior lithium disilicate crowns after 4 years. Clin. Oral Investig. 2013, 17, 1765–1772. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Solá-Ruiz, M.F.; Lagos-Flores, E.; Román-Rodriguez, J.L.; Del Rio Highsmith, J.; Fons-Font, A.; Granell-Ruiz, M. Survival rates of a lithium disilicate-based core ceramic for three-unit esthetic fixed partial dentures: A 10-year prospective study. Int. J. Prosthodont. 2013, 26, 175–180. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Gehrt, M.; Wolfart, S.; Rafai, N.; Reich, S.; Edelhoff, D. Clinical results of lithium-disilicate crowns after up to 9 years of service. Clin. Oral Investig. 2013, 17, 275–284. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rauch, A.; Reich, S.; Schierz, O. Chair-side generated posterior monolithic lithium disilicate crowns: Clinical survival after 6 years. Clin. Oral Investig. 2017, 21, 2083–2089. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grohmann, P.; Bindl, A.; Hämmerle, C.; Mehl, A.; Sailer, I. Three-unit posterior zirconia-ceramic fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) veneered with layered and milled (CAD-on) veneering ceramics: 1-year follow-up of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Quintessence Int. 2015, 46, 871–880. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Toman, M.; Toksavul, S. Clinical evaluation of 121 lithium disilicate all-ceramic crowns up to 9 years. Quintessence Int. 2015, 46, 189–197. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Aziz, A.; El-Mowafy, O.; Tenenbaum, H.C.; Lawrence, H.P.; Shokati, B. Clinical performance of chairside monolithic lithium disilicate glass-ceramic CAD-CAM crowns. J. Esthet. Restor. Dent. 2019, 31, 613–619. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Malament, K.A.; Natto, Z.S.; Thompson, V.; Rekow, D.; Eckert, S.; Weber, H.-P. Ten-year survival of pressed, acid-etched e. max lithium disilicate monolithic and bilayered complete-coverage restorations: Performance and outcomes as a function of tooth position and age. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2019, 121, 782–790. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Aziz, A.M.; El-Mowafy, O.; Tenenbaum, H.C.; Lawrence, H.P. Clinical performance of CAD-CAM crowns provided by predoctoral students at the University of Toronto. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2022, 127, 729–736. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Liebermann, A.; Erdelt, K.; Brix, O.; Edelhoff, D. Clinical performance of anterior full veneer restorations made of lithium disilicate with a mean observation time of 8 years. Int. J. Prosthodont. 2020, 33, 14–21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gardell, E.; Larsson, C.; von Steyern, P.V. Translucent zirconium dioxide and lithium disilicate: A 3-year follow-up of a prospective, practice-based randomized controlled trial on posterior monolithic crowns. Int. J. Prosthodont 2021, 34, 163–172. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Malament, K.A.; Margvelashvili-Malament, M.; Natto, Z.S.; Thompson, V.; Rekow, D.; Att, W. Comparison of 16.9-year survival of pressed acid etched e. max lithium disilicate glass-ceramic complete and partial coverage restorations in posterior teeth: Performance and outcomes as a function of tooth position, age, sex, and thickness of ceramic material. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2021, 126, 533–545. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hammoudi, W.; Trulsson, M.; Svensson, P.; Smedberg, J.-I. Long-term results of a randomized clinical trial of 2 types of ceramic crowns in participants with extensive tooth wear. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2020, 127, 248–257. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Henderson, J.Y.; Korioth, T.V.P.; Tantbirojn, D.; Versluis, A. Failure load of milled, 3D-printed, and conventional chairside-dispensed interim 3-unit fixed dental prostheses. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2022, 127, 275.e1–275.e7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Minervini, G.; Fiorillo, L.; Russo, D.; Lanza, A.; D’Amico, C.; Cervino, G.; Meto, A.; Di Francesco, F. Prosthodontic Treatment in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain and/or Bruxism: A Review of the Literature. Prosthesis 2022, 4, 253–262. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Janeva, N.M.; Kovacevska, G.; Elencevski, S.; Panchevska, S.; Mijoska, A.; Lazarevska, B. Advantages of CAD/CAM versus conventional complete dentures-a review. Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci. 2018, 6, 1498. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kimura, O. Fifteen-year survival of resin-bonded vs full-coverage fixed dental prostheses. J. Prosthodont. Res. 2019, 63, 374–382. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chadwick, B.; Treasure, E.; Dummer, P.; Dunstan, F.; Gilmour, A.; Jones, R.; Phillips, C.; Stevens, J.; Rees, J.; Richmond, S. Challenges with studies investigating longevity of dental restorations—A critique of a systematic review. J. Dent. 2001, 29, 155–161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Sources and Levels of Bias | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study (Author, Year) | Confounding | Selection | Classification of Interventions | Deviation from Intended Intervention | Missing Data | Outcomes | Selective Reporting | Overall Bias |
Wolfart et al., 2005 | High | High | Low | Low | High | High | Moderate | High |
Marquardt and Strub, 2006 | High | High | Low | Low | High | High | High | High |
Toksavul and Toman et al., 2007 | High | High | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | Moderate |
Esquivel-Upshaw et al., 2004, 2008 | High | High | Low | Low | High | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
Wolfart et al., 2009 | High | High | Low | Low | High | High | Low | Moderate |
Fasbinder et al., 2010 | Moderate | High | Low | Low | High | High | Low | Moderate |
Etman and Woolford 2010 | High | High | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low |
Makarouna et al., 2011 | High | High | Low | Low | High | High | High | High |
Cortellini and Canale 2012 | High | High | Low | Low | High | High | High | High |
Kern et al., 2012 | Moderate | High | Low | Low | High | High | Moderate | Moderate |
Esquivel-Upshaw et al., 2012 | High | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate | High | High | Moderate |
Reich and Schierz 2012 | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
Gerht et al., 2013 | High | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Solá-Ruiz et al., 2013 | Moderate | High | Low | Low | Moderate | High | Low | Low |
Rauch et al., 2013 | Moderate | High | Low | Low | Moderate | High | Low | Moderate |
Toksavul and Toman et al., 2015 | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Low |
Grohmann et al., 2015 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Aziz et al., 2019 | High | High | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
Malament et al., 2019 | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | Moderate |
Garling et al., 2019 | Moderate | High | Low | Low | Low | High | Moderate | Moderate |
Liebermann et al., 2020 | Moderate | High | Low | Low | High | High | High | Moderate |
Aziz et al., 2020 | High | High | Low | Low | High | High | Moderate | High |
Gardell et al., 2021 | High | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Malament et al., 2021 | High | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Hammoudi et al., 2022 | High | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
AlMashaan, A.; Aldakheel, A. Survival of Complete Coverage Tooth-Retained Fixed Lithium Disilicate Prostheses: A Systematic Review. Medicina 2023, 59, 95. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010095
AlMashaan A, Aldakheel A. Survival of Complete Coverage Tooth-Retained Fixed Lithium Disilicate Prostheses: A Systematic Review. Medicina. 2023; 59(1):95. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010095
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlMashaan, Abdulmohsen, and Abdullah Aldakheel. 2023. "Survival of Complete Coverage Tooth-Retained Fixed Lithium Disilicate Prostheses: A Systematic Review" Medicina 59, no. 1: 95. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010095