COVID-19 and Gastrointestinal Tract: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Manifestations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms
4. Gastrointestinal Infection
5. SARS-CoV-2 Structure and Interaction with the Host
6. Route of Gastrointestinal Infection
7. Gastrointestinal Tract–Virus Interaction
8. Gastrointestinal Damage, Inflammation, and Symptoms
9. SARS-CoV-2 and Gut Microbiota Alteration
10. Chronic GI Tract Diseases and SARS-CoV-2
11. Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Long COVID
12. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vernia, F.; Ashktorab, H.; Cesaro, N.; Monaco, S.; Faenza, S.; Sgamma, E.; Viscido, A.; Latella, G. COVID-19 and Gastrointestinal Tract: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Manifestations. Medicina 2023, 59, 1709. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59101709
Vernia F, Ashktorab H, Cesaro N, Monaco S, Faenza S, Sgamma E, Viscido A, Latella G. COVID-19 and Gastrointestinal Tract: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Manifestations. Medicina. 2023; 59(10):1709. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59101709
Chicago/Turabian StyleVernia, Filippo, Hassan Ashktorab, Nicola Cesaro, Sabrina Monaco, Susanna Faenza, Emanuele Sgamma, Angelo Viscido, and Giovanni Latella. 2023. "COVID-19 and Gastrointestinal Tract: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Manifestations" Medicina 59, no. 10: 1709. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59101709