Effect of Percutaneous Biliary Drainage on Enzyme Activity of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Patients with Malignant Hilar Obstructive Hyperbilirubinemia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Study Sample Size and Power
2.4. Clinical and Laboratory Data Recording
2.5. Follow-Up
2.6. Intervention
2.6.1. Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage (PBD) Procedure
2.6.2. Testing Procedures (Gelatin Zymography for the Assay of Enzyme Activity of Serum MMP-9)
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. of Patients | % | MMP-9 before PBD | MMP-9 after PBD | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bismuth type IV hilar cholangiocarcinoma | 26 | 57.7 | 648.7 ± 174.9 | 424.7 ± 141.9 |
Bismuth type II hilar cholangiocarcinoma | 6 | 13.3 | 733.0 ± 239.0 | 470.0 ± 306.9 |
Hilar hepatocellular carcinoma | 1 | 2.2 | 635.0 | 395.0 |
Hilar metastasis | 7 | 15.5 | 491.5 ± 27.6 | 92.0 ± 18.4 |
Gallbladder carcinoma | 5 | 11.1 | 798.5 ± 94.0 | 266.6 ± 188.5 |
Before PBD | 4 Weeks after PBD | p 1 | |
---|---|---|---|
Glucose (mmol/L) | 6.49 ± 1.76 | 6.22 ± 1.25 | 0.256 |
Urea (mmol/L) | 7.44 ± 7.88 | 7.83 ± 7.17 | <0.001 |
Creatinine (µmol/L) | 114.02 ± 119.35 | 96.37 ± 78.99 | 0.183 |
Total bilirubin (umol/L) | 384.02 ± 123.15 | 57.49 ± 39.29 | <0.001 |
Direct bilirubin (umol/L) | 229.31 ± 77.06 | 32.27 ± 24.92 | <0.001 |
Total protein (g/L) | 57.18 ± 8.51 | 60.91 ± 8.25 | <0.001 |
Albumin (g/L) | 33.69 ± 6.01 | 32.91 ± 5.18 | 0.033 |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 135.87 ± 3.35 | 138.56 ± 4.08 | <0.001 |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 3.86 ± 0.59 | 3.99 ± 0.66 | 0.013 |
Chlorides (mmol/L) | 102.98 ± 4.31 | 104.76 ± 5.66 | <0.001 |
Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.18 ± 0.16 | 2.22 ± 0.21 | <0.001 |
Phosphorus | 1.05 ± 0.19 | 1.11 ± 0.17 | <0.001 |
Magnesium | 0.69 ± 0.13 | 0.74 ± 0.13 | <0.001 |
Aspartate transferase (U/L) | 160.64 ± 102.3 | 86.18 ± 56.26 | <0.001 |
Alanine transaminase (U/L) | 196.53 ± 193.27 | 103.31 ± 87.14 | <0.001 |
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 621.04 ± 411.1 | 240.96 ± 141.6 | <0.001 |
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (U/L) | 660.62 ± 480.14 | 255.49 ± 181.8 | <0.001 |
Alpha amylase (U/L) | 63.96 ± 63.81 | 41.47 ± 33.7 | <0.001 |
White blood cells 10~9/L | 8.61 ± 6.09 | 7.36 ± 2.01 | 0.865 |
Lymphocytes % | 13.95 ± 7.27 | 14.36 ± 11.45 | 0.743 |
Monocytes % | 8.01 ± 3.68 | 4.42 ± 2.24 | <0.001 |
Neutrophils % | 71.74 ± 14.82 | 72.28 ± 15.53 | 0.484 |
Red blood cells 10~12/L | 3.73 ± 0.65 | 3.95 ± 0.68 | 0.002 |
Hemoglobin g/L | 115.00 ± 19.25 | 124.09 ± 18.12 | <0.001 |
Hematocrit L/L | 0.34 ± 0.05 | 0.36 ± 0.06 | <0.001 |
Platelet count 10~9/L | 240.33 ± 79.78 | 248.56 ± 94.88 | 0.035 |
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 28.65 ± 41.94 | 23.78 ± 47.98 | 0.049 |
Unstandardized Coefficients | Standardized Coefficients | Sig. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
(B) | Std. Error | Beta | ||
(Constant) | −516.295 | 427.747 | 0.294 | |
MMP-9 | 1.051 | 0.397 | 0.929 | 0.057 |
Patients with metastatic lesions in liver | −386.709 | 138.206 | −0.911 | 0.049 |
Lymphadenopathy | −146.625 | 141.718 | −0.282 | 0.359 |
CRP | 4.060 | 2.672 | 0.424 | 0.203 |
Glucose | 75.154 | 37.548 | 0.585 | 0.116 |
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Filipović, A.; Mašulović, D.; Gopčević, K.; Galun, D.; Igić, A.; Bulatović, D.; Zakošek, M.; Filipović, T. Effect of Percutaneous Biliary Drainage on Enzyme Activity of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Patients with Malignant Hilar Obstructive Hyperbilirubinemia. Medicina 2023, 59, 336. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59020336
Filipović A, Mašulović D, Gopčević K, Galun D, Igić A, Bulatović D, Zakošek M, Filipović T. Effect of Percutaneous Biliary Drainage on Enzyme Activity of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Patients with Malignant Hilar Obstructive Hyperbilirubinemia. Medicina. 2023; 59(2):336. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59020336
Chicago/Turabian StyleFilipović, Aleksandar, Dragan Mašulović, Kristina Gopčević, Danijel Galun, Aleksa Igić, Dušan Bulatović, Miloš Zakošek, and Tamara Filipović. 2023. "Effect of Percutaneous Biliary Drainage on Enzyme Activity of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Patients with Malignant Hilar Obstructive Hyperbilirubinemia" Medicina 59, no. 2: 336. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59020336