The Association between COVID-19 Infection and Kidney Damage in a Regional University Hospital
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data
2.2. Data Structure
2.3. Statistical Methods
3. Results
3.1. Patients
3.2. Laboratory Findings
3.2.1. Creatinine
3.2.2. Urea
3.2.3. Potassium
3.2.4. C-Reactive Protein
3.3. Chronic Kidney Disease
3.3.1. Age
3.3.2. Duration of Treatment
3.3.3. Outcomes
3.4. Acute Kidney Injury
3.4.1. Age
3.4.2. Duration of Treatment
3.4.3. Outcomes
3.5. Hemodialysis
3.5.1. Age
3.5.2. Duration of Treatment
3.5.3. Outcomes
4. Discussion
4.1. Pathogenesis
4.2. Laboratory Findings
4.3. Age
4.4. Outcomes
4.5. Gender
4.6. Hemodialysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Values | |
---|---|---|
Age, years *, N = 601 | 68.75 ± 14.66 | |
Gender, N (%) | Male | 351 (58.40) |
Female | 250 (41.60) | |
Type of case, N (%) | Emergency patients—hospitalized | 471 (78.37) |
Emergency patients—not hospitalized | 64 (10.65) | |
Inpatient patients | 66 (10.98) | |
Duration of treatment *, days | 20.59 ± 22.99 | |
Outcomes, N (%) | Death | 259 (43.09) |
Discharged from inpatient care home | 229 (38.10) | |
Went home from the emergency room | 52 (8.65) | |
Transferred to another hospital for an active inpatient treatment | 42 (6.99) | |
Transferred to the supportive care hospital | 19 (3.16) | |
Patients with CKD, N= 258, N (%) | Stage 1 | 3 (1.11) |
Stage 2 | 19 (7.09) | |
Stage 3 | 84 (31.34) | |
Stage 4 | 36 (13.43) | |
Stage 5 | 101 (43.69) | |
Not specified | 15 (5.59) | |
Patients with AKI, N = 346, N (%) | With tubular necrosis | 4 (1.16) |
With acute cortical necrosis | 1 (0.29) | |
Not specified | 341 (98.55) | |
Patients with CKD complicated by AKI, N (%) | 56 (16.18) | |
Patients with unspecified kidney failure, N (%) | 21 (3.49) | |
Patients undergoing hemodialysis, N (%) | 158 (26.30) | |
Patients after kidney transplantation, N (%) | 8 (1.33) |
Value | Age | Duration of Treatment | |
---|---|---|---|
Creatinine concentration | Spearman’s correlation coefficient | 0.133 | −0.304 |
p-value | 0.028 | <0.001 | |
Urea concentration | Spearman’s correlation coefficient | 0.326 | −0.247 |
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Potassium concentration | Spearman’s correlation coefficient | 0.046 | −0.057 |
p-value | 0.267 | 0.172 | |
CRP concentration | Spearman’s correlation coefficient | 0.005 | −0.025 |
p-value | 0.899 | 0.548 |
Outcome | OR | 95% CI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Death | Survival | |||
CKD complicated by AKI | 25 | 31 | 3.66 | 1.96; 6.84 |
CKD without AKI | 42 | 186 | ||
Only AKI | 186 | 106 | 7.81 | 5.18; 11.78 |
Only CKD | 42 | 187 | ||
Only AKI | 186 | 105 | 7.79 | 2.87; 21.19 |
No CKD or AKI | 5 | 22 |
Patients Treated with HD | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|
HD-treated (N = 158, 26.30%) | Non-HD-treated (N = 443, 73.71%) | ||
Duration of treatment *, days | 30.35 ± 29.05 | 17.10 ± 19.27 | <0.001 |
AKI patients treated with HD (N = 63, 10.48%) | CKD patients treated with HD (N = 67, 11.15%) | ||
32.48 ± 28.20 | 22.00 ± 24.94 | 0.022 | |
AKI patients treated with HD (N = 63, 10.48%) | CKD patients complicated by AKI treated with HD (N = 23, 3.83%) | ||
32.48 ± 28.20 | 50.60 ± 33.53 | 0.010 | |
CKD patients treated with HD (N = 67, 11.15%) | CKD patients complicated by AKI treated with HD (N = 23, 3.83%) | ||
22.00 ± 24.94 | 50.60 ± 33.53 | <0.001 |
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Žulpaitė, G.; Rimševičius, L.; Jančorienė, L.; Zablockienė, B.; Miglinas, M. The Association between COVID-19 Infection and Kidney Damage in a Regional University Hospital. Medicina 2023, 59, 898. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050898
Žulpaitė G, Rimševičius L, Jančorienė L, Zablockienė B, Miglinas M. The Association between COVID-19 Infection and Kidney Damage in a Regional University Hospital. Medicina. 2023; 59(5):898. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050898
Chicago/Turabian StyleŽulpaitė, Giedrė, Laurynas Rimševičius, Ligita Jančorienė, Birutė Zablockienė, and Marius Miglinas. 2023. "The Association between COVID-19 Infection and Kidney Damage in a Regional University Hospital" Medicina 59, no. 5: 898. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050898