Fetal Biometric Assessment and Infant Developmental Prognosis of the Tadalafil Treatment for Fetal Growth Restriction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Trial Design and Study Population
2.2. Ultrasound Procedures
2.3. Maternal Hemodynamics
2.4. The Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development (KSPD) Test
2.5. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Participants
3.2. Fetal Biometric Measurements
3.3. Doppler Study
3.4. Maternal Hemodinamics
3.5. KSPD Assessment
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tadalafil Group (n = 50) | Control Group (n = 10) | |
---|---|---|
Maternal characteristics | ||
Age (y) | 33 (28–35) | 32 (30–36) |
Height (cm) | 156 (151–160) | 156 (154–162) |
BMI | 21.1 (19.8–23.1) | 19.8 (21.0–18.5) |
Body weight before pregnancy (kg) | 50.0 (46.0–55.6) | 48.5 (46.3–51.7) |
Primipara | 24 | 2 |
Smoking | 2 | 1 |
Gestational age at the start of treatment (weeks) | 30 (27–32) | 31 (30–32) |
Incidence of HDP | 8 | 1 |
Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 37 (35–37) | 37 (34–38) |
Fetal characteristics | ||
EFBW at the start of treatment (g) | 1089 (748–1389) | 1348 (1148–1482) |
Z-score | −2.2 (−2.4 to −1.9) | −2.1 (−2.3 to −2.0) |
BPD at the start of treatment (cm) | 7.03 (6.45–7.75) | 7.12 (6.97–7.55) |
Z-score | −1.1 (−1.9 to −0.63) | −1.5 (−1.9 to −0.9) |
HC at the start of treatment (cm) | 25.8 (22.8–27.1) | 26.5 (26.2–27.6) |
Z-score | −0.8 (−1.5–0.1) | −0.4 (−1.1 to −0.1) |
AC at the start of treatment (cm) | 21.7 (19.1–24.0) | 23.8 (22.3–25.3) |
Z-score | −1.6 (−2 to −1.2) | −1.6 (−1.8 to −1.0) |
FL at the start of treatment (cm) | 4.93 (4.27–5.32) | 5.34 (5.00–5.53) |
Z-score | −1.7 (−2.1 to −1.3) | −1.4 (−2.0 to −0.9) |
Maternal Vital Sign | Tadalafil Group (n = 50) | Conventional Treatment Group (n = 10) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
At the start of treatment | sBP (mmHg) | 108 (102–120) | 108.5 (103.75–121.75) | 0.76 |
dBP (mmHg) | 62 (56–69) | 71 (59.25–78) | 0.86 | |
MAP (mmHg) | 77.33 (71.33–85) | 85 (72.75–93) | 0.18 | |
HR (bpm) | 78 (70–90) | 83.5 (76.25–88.5) | 0.32 | |
2 weeks of treatment | sBP (mmHg) | 106.5 (100–112.25) | 110 (98.75–119.5) | 0.64 |
dBP (mmHg) | 58.5 (50.75–65) | 69 (59.75–74.25) | 0.018 | |
MAP (mmHg) | 75.33 (67.83–79.75) | 84 (72.5–88.5) | 0.076 | |
HR (bpm) | 76 (70–84.25) | 74 (68.5–78.5) | 0.56 | |
4 weeks of treatment | sBP (mmHg) | 107 (102.5–114.5) | 103 (99–113) | 0.30 |
dBP (mmHg) | 59.5 (55.25–66.75) | 60 (56–66) | 0.87 | |
MAP (mmHg) | 75 (70.83–83.67) | 73 (72–82) | 0.62 | |
HR (bpm) | 76 (67.25–81.75) | 70 (66–82) | 0.47 |
1.5 Years of CA | 3 Years Old | |
---|---|---|
(n = 37) | (n = 19) | |
P–M | 89 (76–94) | 96 (77–102) |
C–A | 91 (80–102) | 86 (79–96) |
L–S | 94 (84–99) | 92 (77–96) |
Total | 88 (82–100) | 87 (76–98) |
1.5 Years CA (n = 37) | ||||
DQ | P–M | C–A | L–S | Total Area |
<70 | 7 (19%) | 3 (8%) | 7 (19%) | 4 (11%) |
70–85 | 10 (27%) | 10 (27%) | 4 (11%) | 10 (27%) |
>85 | 20 (54%) | 24 (65%) | 26 (70%) | 23 (62%) |
Data are presented as n (%) | ||||
3 Years Old (n = 19) | ||||
DQ | P–M | C–A | L–S | Total Area |
<70 | 3 (16%) | 4 (21%) | 3 (16%) | 3 (16%) |
70–85 | 4 (21%) | 2 (11%) | 5 (26%) | 5 (26%) |
>85 | 12 (63%) | 13 (68%) | 11 (58%) | 11 (58%) |
Data are presented as n (%) |
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Tsuji, M.; Maki, S.; Enomoto, N.; Okamoto, K.; Kitamura, A.; Magawa, S.; Takakura, S.; Nii, M.; Tanaka, K.; Yodoya, N.; et al. Fetal Biometric Assessment and Infant Developmental Prognosis of the Tadalafil Treatment for Fetal Growth Restriction. Medicina 2023, 59, 900. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050900
Tsuji M, Maki S, Enomoto N, Okamoto K, Kitamura A, Magawa S, Takakura S, Nii M, Tanaka K, Yodoya N, et al. Fetal Biometric Assessment and Infant Developmental Prognosis of the Tadalafil Treatment for Fetal Growth Restriction. Medicina. 2023; 59(5):900. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050900
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsuji, Makoto, Shintaro Maki, Naosuke Enomoto, Kota Okamoto, Asa Kitamura, Shoichi Magawa, Sho Takakura, Masafumi Nii, Kayo Tanaka, Noriko Yodoya, and et al. 2023. "Fetal Biometric Assessment and Infant Developmental Prognosis of the Tadalafil Treatment for Fetal Growth Restriction" Medicina 59, no. 5: 900. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050900