The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospitalizations for Ambulatory Care-Sensitive Conditions in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. All Hospitalization’s General Descriptive Data and Age Distribution
3.2. Timeline of All Hospitalizations, ACSC Hospitalizations, and COVID-19 Hospitalizations
3.3. ACSC Hospitalizations
3.4. Vaccine-Preventable, Chronic and Acute ACSC Hospitalizations Distribution and Relative Risks
3.5. Vaccine-Preventable, Chronic and Acute ACSC Subcategories Hospitalizations
3.6. Type of Discharge Analyses
3.7. Inpatient Length of Stay Analyses
4. Discussion
4.1. Principal Findings
4.2. Comparisons with Other Studies
4.3. Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | ICD-10 Code |
---|---|
Vaccine-preventable | |
Influenza and pneumonia | J10, J11, J13, J14, J153, J154, J157, J159, J168, J181, J188 |
Other vaccine preventable | A35, A36, A37, A80, B05, B06,B161, B169, B180, B181,B26,G000, M014 |
Chronic | |
Diabetes complications | E101–E108, E110–E118, E130–E138, E140–E148 |
Nutritional deficiencies | E40–E43, E55.0, E643 |
Iron deficiency anemia | D501-D509 |
Hypertension | I10, I119 |
Congestive heart failure | I110, I50, J81 |
Angina | I20, I240, I248, I249 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | J41–J44, J47, (J20) |
Asthma | J45, J46 |
Acute | |
Dehydration and gastroenteritis | E86, K522, K528, K529 |
Convulsions and epilepsy | G40, G41, O15, R56 |
Ear, nose and throat infections | H66, H67, J02, J03, J06, J312 |
Dental conditions | A690, K02–K06, K08, K098, K099, K12, K13 |
Perforated/bleeding ulcer | K250–K252, K254–K256, K260–K262, K264–K266, K270–K272, K274–K276, K280–K282, K284–K286 |
Ruptured appendix | K35 |
Pyelonephritis | N10, N11, N12, N136 |
Pelvic inflammatory disease | N70, N73, N74 |
Cellulitis | L03, L04, L08.0, L08.8, L08.9, L88, L98.0, L98.3 |
Gangrene | R02 |
Age Group | Pre-Pandemic Period | Pandemic Period |
---|---|---|
1–6 | 1072 (3.0%) | 718 (2.6%) |
7–14 | 1172 (3.3%) | 794 (2.8%) |
15–19 | 848 (2.4%) | 577 (2.1%) |
20–34 | 2825 (7.9%) | 2132 (7.6%) |
35–44 | 2482 (6.9%) | 1888 (6.7%) |
45–54 | 3620 (10.1%) | 2739 (9.7%) |
55–64 | 6081 (16.9%) | 4795 (17.0%) |
65–74 | 8054 (22.4%) | 6731 (23.9%) |
75 and more | 8571 (23.9%) | 7245 (25.7%) |
Pre-Pandemic Period (March 20– February 2020) | Pandemic Period (March 2020– February 2021) | Pandemic vs. Pre-Pandemic Relative Risk (95% CI) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hospitalization | ||||
Total | 35,889 | 28,137 | 0.79 (0.775–0.798) | <0.01 |
ACSC | 2772 | 1872 | 0.67 (0.635–0.714) | <0.01 |
ACSC category | ||||
Vaccine-preventable | 181 | 72 | 0.51 (0.386–0.666) | <0.01 |
Chronic | 1608 | 1129 | 0.90 (0.831–0.965) | <0.01 |
Acute | 933 | 626 | 0.86 (0.774–0.946) | <0.01 |
ACSC—Type of discharge | ||||
Death | 117 | 103 | 1.31 (1.013–1.698) | 0.05 |
Other (home or transfer to another institution) | 2605 | 1724 | 0.986 (0.973–1.000) | 0.02 |
ACSC Category | Relative Risk (95% CI) | p-Value |
Chronic | ||
Diabetes complications | 0.58 (0.49–0.68) | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 0.63 (0.46–0.86) | 0.004 |
Angina | 0.71 (0.61–0.82) | <0.001 |
COPD | 0.37 (0.26–0.51) | <0.001 |
Asthma | 0.22 (0.09–0.54) | <0.001 |
Acute | ||
Dehydration and gastroenteritis | 0.56 (0.36–0.88) | 0.006 |
Convulsions and epilepsy | 0.76 (0.63–0.91) | 0.002 |
Perforated/bleeding ulcer | 0.57 (0.44–0.74) | <0.001 |
Pyelonephritis | 0.52 (0.40–0.67) | <0.001 |
Pelvic inflammatory disease | 10.03 (2.35–42.92) | <0.001 |
Cellulitis | 0.52 (0.38–0.72) | <0.001 |
Vaccine-preventable | ||
Influenza and pneumonia | 0.42 (0.32–0.55) | <0.001 |
Other vaccine preventable | 0.09 (0.01–0.71) | <0.001 |
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Marasović Šušnjara, I.; Mijaković, M.; Jurčev Savičević, A. The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospitalizations for Ambulatory Care-Sensitive Conditions in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia. Medicina 2024, 60, 523. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040523
Marasović Šušnjara I, Mijaković M, Jurčev Savičević A. The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospitalizations for Ambulatory Care-Sensitive Conditions in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia. Medicina. 2024; 60(4):523. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040523
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarasović Šušnjara, Ivana, Marijana Mijaković, and Anamarija Jurčev Savičević. 2024. "The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospitalizations for Ambulatory Care-Sensitive Conditions in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia" Medicina 60, no. 4: 523. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040523