Assessing the Diagnostic Values of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Systematic Immunoinflammatory Index (SII) as Biomarkers in Predicting COVID-19 Severity: A Multicentre Comparative Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Setting
2.2. Statistical Analysis
2.3. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Patients’ Baseline Investigations
3.3. Non-Survivors Demonstrate a Different Haematological Profile Compared to Survivors
3.4. The Value of Using the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and the Systematic Immunoinflammatory Index (SII) to Discriminate between Survivors and Non-Survivors
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic (Unit) | Values |
---|---|
Age (years) | 41 (27–57) * |
Gender | Male: 426 |
Female: 429 | |
Nationality | Saudi: 550 |
Non-Saudi: 305 | |
Admission outcome | Alive: 742 |
Deceased: 113 |
Investigation (Unit) | Patients’ Readings | Reference Levels |
---|---|---|
RBC count (×106/mL) | 4.74 (4.35–5.13) | Male: 4.0–5.9 |
Female: 3.8–5.2 | ||
Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.40 (11.99–14.60) | Male: 13.8–17.2 |
Female: 12.1–15.1 | ||
Haematocrit (%) | 40.70 (37.13–44.10) | Male: 40–54 |
Female: 36–48 | ||
MCV (fl) | 86.25 (81.53–89.80) | 80–100 |
MCH (pg) | 28.60 (26.80–30) | 27–31 |
Platelet count (×106/mL) | 229.5 (182–290.5) | 150–450 |
WBC (×103/mL) | 6.24 (4.57–9.29) | 4–11 |
Neutrophil count (×103/mL) | 4.28 (2.71–7.49) | 2.5–7 |
Lymphocyte count (×103/mL) | 1.07 (0.69–1.59) | 1–4.8 |
Monocyte Count (×103/mL) | 0.33 (0.23–0.48) | 0.2–0.8 |
Eosinophil count (×103/mL) | 0.04 (0.01–0.08) | 0.03–0.35 |
Characteristics/Investigation (Unit) | Survivors (n = 742) | Non-Survivors (n = 113) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 38 (27–52) | 62 (49–75.50) | <0.0001 |
Gender | Male: 361 | Male: 65 | 0.08 ^ |
Female: 381 | Female: 48 | ||
RBC count (×106/mL) | 4.76 (4.37–5.14) | 4.60 (4.09–5.08) | 0.09 |
Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.50 (12.20–14.70) | 12.88 (11.60–14.35) | 0.007 |
Haematocrit (%) | 41 (37.30–44.20) | 39.70 (35.70–43.30) | 0.046 |
MCV (fl) | 86.20 (81.70–89.80) | 86.70 (80.90–89.90) | 0.73 |
MCH (pg) | 28.70 (26.90–30) | 28.10 (26.40–29.90) | 0.23 |
Platelet count (×106/mL) | 228.5 (185–294) | 235 (160.9–285) | 0.46 |
WBC count (×103/mL) | 5.96 (4.45–8.56) | 8.33 (5.78–11.60) | <0.0001 |
Neutrophil count (×103/mL) | 3.93 (2.57–6.63) | 6.16 (4.16–9.86) | <0.0001 |
Lymphocyte count (×103/mL) | 1.13 (0.74–1.66) | 0.76 (0.53–1.25) | <0.0001 |
Monocyte Count (×103/mL) | 0.33 (0.23–0.48) | 0.33 (0.20–0.53) | 0.32 |
Eosinophil count (×103/mL) | 0.04 (0.01–0.08) | 0.02 (0.00–0.06) | 0.002 |
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Sayed, A.A. Assessing the Diagnostic Values of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Systematic Immunoinflammatory Index (SII) as Biomarkers in Predicting COVID-19 Severity: A Multicentre Comparative Study. Medicina 2024, 60, 602. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040602
Sayed AA. Assessing the Diagnostic Values of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Systematic Immunoinflammatory Index (SII) as Biomarkers in Predicting COVID-19 Severity: A Multicentre Comparative Study. Medicina. 2024; 60(4):602. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040602
Chicago/Turabian StyleSayed, Anwar A. 2024. "Assessing the Diagnostic Values of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Systematic Immunoinflammatory Index (SII) as Biomarkers in Predicting COVID-19 Severity: A Multicentre Comparative Study" Medicina 60, no. 4: 602. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040602