Application of Salivary Alpha-1 Antitrypsin in the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Clinical Variables
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Result
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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RA (n = 60) | HC (n = 20) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age, year | 56.58 ± 12.49 | 43.85 ± 7.87 | <0.001 |
Sex | 0.161 | ||
Male | 14 (23.3) | 8 (23.3) | |
Female | 46 (76.7) | 12 (60.0) | |
Saliva for 5 min (mL) | 3.47 ± 2.45 | 4.86 ± 2.37 | 0.035 |
Comorbidities | |||
HTN | 16 (26.7) | 4 (20.0) | 0.392 |
Dyslipidemia | 22 (36.7) | 1 (5.0) | 0.004 |
DM | 5 (8.3) | 1 (5.0) | 0.530 |
COPD | 6 (10.0) | 0 (0) | 0.167 |
Chronic liver disease | 2 (3.3) | 1 (3.8) | 0.583 |
Laboratory data | |||
ESR (mm/h) | 24.88 ± 19.77 | - | |
CRP (mg/dL) | 0.59 ± 0.61 | - | |
RF positive | 40 (66.7) | - | - |
RF (IU/mL) | 124.48 ± 212.88 | - | |
Anti-CCP positive, | 40 (66.7) | - | - |
Anti-CCP (units/mL) | 268.82 ± 481.47 | - | |
Seronegative RA | 20 (33.3) | ||
Anti Ro | 3 (14.3) | ||
DAS28-ESR | 2.71 ± 0.96 | - | |
DAS28-CRP | 2.12 ± 2.49 | - |
Average Concentration of Studied Cytokines | RA | HC | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Salivary A1AT (ng/mL) | 2388.66 ± 1875.80 | 1579.06 ± 1067.06 | 0.021 |
Serum A1AT (mg/mL) | 1.7879 ± 1.5933 | 1.5932 ± 3.7173 | 0.082 |
Salivary IL-1β | 540.89 ± 777.05 | 488.25 ± 379.03 | 0.690 |
Serum IL-1β | 1.5497 ± 0.1583 | 1.5780 ± 0.1388 | 0.451 |
Salivary IL-6 | 8.6967 ± 12.9693 | 6.4845 ± 6.9939 | 0.338 |
Serum IL-6 | 5.250 ± 9.4003 | 0.2100 ± 0.42323 | <0.001 |
Salivary IL-10 | 1.9150 ± 3.1140 | 1.4365 ± 1.0244 | 0.304 |
Serum IL-10 | 2.8665 ± 1.0448 | 1.3880 ± 0.1503 | <0.001 |
Outcomes | AUC (95% CI) | p-Value | Cut-Off (ng/mL) | Sensitivity | Specificity | LR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
α1-antitrypsin in saliva | 0.7135 (0.5741–0.8529) | 0.0134 | 1689.0 | 0.62 | 0.73 | 2.31 |
Average Concentration of Studied Cytokines | Seropositive RA | Seronegative RA | HC | p-Value (SPRA vs. HC) | p-Value (SNRA vs. HC) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Salivary A1AT (ng/mL) | 2279.78 ± 1619.78 | 2715.32 ± 2535.79 | 1579.06 ± 1068.06 | 0.044 | 0.121 |
Serum A1AT (mg/mL) | 1.7575 ± 5.8905 | 1.8793 ± 4.4631 | 1.5932 ± 3.7173 | 0.180 | 0.054 |
Salivary IL-1β | 537.34 ± 727.79 | 551.57 ± 937.95 | 488.25 ± 379.03 | 0.723 | 0.808 |
Serum IL-1β | 1.5460 ± 0.1579 | 1.5607 ± 0.1647 | 1.5780 ± 0.1388 | 0.416 | 0.745 |
Salivary IL-6 | 8.7567 ± 14.6085 | 8.5167 ± 6.1728 | 6.4845 ± 6.9939 | 0.400 | 0.370 |
Serum IL-6 | 5.2533 ± 5.3263 | 5.2400 ± 16.8295 | 0.2100 ± 0.42323 | <0.001 | 0.267 |
Salivary IL-10 | 1.6487 ± 2.9711 | 2.7140 ± 3.4943 | 1.4365 ± 1.0244 | 0.672 | 0.189 |
Serum IL-10 | 3.3182 ± 0.7851 | 1.5113 ± 0.1998 | 1.3880 ± 0.1503 | <0.001 | 0.056 |
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Chung, S.W.; Hong, S.-J. Application of Salivary Alpha-1 Antitrypsin in the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Pilot Study. Medicina 2024, 60, 605. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040605
Chung SW, Hong S-J. Application of Salivary Alpha-1 Antitrypsin in the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Pilot Study. Medicina. 2024; 60(4):605. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040605
Chicago/Turabian StyleChung, Sang Wan, and Seung-Jae Hong. 2024. "Application of Salivary Alpha-1 Antitrypsin in the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Pilot Study" Medicina 60, no. 4: 605. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040605