Evaluation of the Effects of Repetitive Anaesthesia Administration on the Brain Tissues and Cognitive Functions of Rats with Experimental Alzheimer’s Disease †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Groups and Protocol
2.2. Biochemical Assessment
2.3. Histopathological Evaluation
2.4. Immunohistochemical Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rat/Input–Output | Group C (n = 6) | Group A (n = 6) | Group AK (n = 6) | Group AP (n = 6) | Group APK (n = 6) | p ** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Initial | 7.67 ± 1.50 | 8.33 ± 0.52 | 7.83 ± 0.41 | 8.00 ± 0.63 | 7.80 ± 0.82 | 0.653 |
Week 1 | 7.07 ± 0.82 | 7.17 ± 0.75 | 6.67 ± 0.92 | 6.50 ± 0.55 | 6.67 ± 0.53 | 0.526 |
Week 2 | 6.50 ± 1.05 | 5.50 ± 0.55 *, ? | 5.00 ± 0.89 *, ? | 5.33 ± 0.52 *, ? | 5.03 ± 0.63 *, ? | 0.012 |
Week 3 | 7.00 ± 1.26 | 4.23 ± 1.17 *, ? | 3.33 ± 0.52 *, ? | 4.00 ± 0.63 *, ? | 4.33 ± 0.82 *, ? | <0.0001 |
Week 4 | 6.80 ± 0.89 | 3.83 ± 1.32 *, ? | 3.17 ± 0.41 *, ? | 3.33 ± 0.52 *, ? | 3.67 ± 0.48 *, ? | <0.0001 |
After 1st anaesthesia | 6.67 ± 0.52 | 3.50 ± 0.84 *, ? | 5.50 ± 1.05 +, ? | 3.83 ± 0.89 *, ? | 5.00 ± 0.63 *, +, ? | <0.0001 |
After 2nd anaesthesia | 7.33 ± 1.32 | 2.83 ± 0.98 *, ? | 7.17 ± 1.60 + | 5.17 ± 0.67 *, +, ? | 5.67 ± 0.82 *, + | <0.0001 |
After 3rd anaesthesia | 7.00 ± 0.86 | 3.17 ± 1.04 *, ? | 8.00 ± 1.55 + | 5.67 ± 0.52 +, & | 6.62 ± 0.82 + | <0.0001 |
Parameters | Group C (n = 6) | Group A (n = 6) | Group AK (n = 6) | Group AP (n = 6) | Group APK (n = 6) | p ** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TBARS (nmol/mg protein) | 0.49 ± 0.13 | 1.01 ± 0.13 * | 0.74 ± 0.13 | 0.62 ± 0.21 + | 0.64 ± 0.24 + | 0.002 |
PON-1 (IU/mg protein) | 98.57 ± 30.56 | 47.65 ± 10.46 * | 92.20 ± 51.80 + | 89.03 ± 15.60 + | 98.57 ± 47.39 + | 0.011 |
CAT (IU/mg protein) | 82.98 ± 31.23 | 51.30 ± 6.57 * | 62.28 ± 11.96 | 73.25 ± 11.53 + | 73.22 ± 19.61 + | 0.025 |
Protein | Group C (n = 6) | Group A (n = 6) | Group AK (n = 6) | Group AP (n = 6) | Group APK (n = 6) | p ** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bax | 1.56 ± 0.25 | 10.21 ± 0.79 * | 9.85 ± 0.56 * | 11.64 ± 0.66 * | 9.73 ± 0.85 * | <0.0001 |
Bcl-2 | 2.60 ± 0.44 | 0.07 ± 0.05 * | 1.38 ± 0.38 + | 2.08 ± 0.33 + | 1.43 ± 0.30 + | <0.0001 |
Caspase-3 | 0.92 ± 0.09 | 14.91 ± 0.55 * | 12.18 ± 0.69 * | 14.50 ± 0.79 * | 9.36 ± 0.65 *, + | <0.0001 |
p53 | 2.76 ± 0.31 | 11.04 ± 1.23 * | 7.96 ± 0.64 * | 7.75 ± 0.65 * | 7.36 ± 0.50 * | <0.0001 |
GFAP | 1.93 ± 0.29 | 11.63 ± 1.14 * | 7.69 ± 0.93 * | 10.64 ± 0.96 * | 8.29 ± 0.66 * | <0.0001 |
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Eryilmaz, N.C.; Arslan, M.; Kucuk, A.; Tuna, A.T.; Guney, S.; Kaplanoglu, G.T.; Kavutcu, M. Evaluation of the Effects of Repetitive Anaesthesia Administration on the Brain Tissues and Cognitive Functions of Rats with Experimental Alzheimer’s Disease. Medicina 2024, 60, 1266. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60081266
Eryilmaz NC, Arslan M, Kucuk A, Tuna AT, Guney S, Kaplanoglu GT, Kavutcu M. Evaluation of the Effects of Repetitive Anaesthesia Administration on the Brain Tissues and Cognitive Functions of Rats with Experimental Alzheimer’s Disease. Medicina. 2024; 60(8):1266. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60081266
Chicago/Turabian StyleEryilmaz, Nuray Camgoz, Mustafa Arslan, Aysegul Kucuk, Ayca Tas Tuna, Sevin Guney, Gulnur Take Kaplanoglu, and Mustafa Kavutcu. 2024. "Evaluation of the Effects of Repetitive Anaesthesia Administration on the Brain Tissues and Cognitive Functions of Rats with Experimental Alzheimer’s Disease" Medicina 60, no. 8: 1266. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60081266