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Article

Amygdala Nuclei Atrophy in Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Insights from High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging

by
Evija Peiseniece
1,2,
Nauris Zdanovskis
1,2,3,*,
Kristīne Šneidere
3,4,
Andrejs Kostiks
5,
Guntis Karelis
5,6,
Ardis Platkājis
1,2 and
Ainārs Stepens
3
1
Department of Radiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
2
Department of Radiology, Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
3
Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
4
Department of Health Psychology and Paedagogy, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
5
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Radiology, Riga East Clinical University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
6
Department of Infectiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Medicina 2025, 61(1), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61010130
Submission received: 19 December 2024 / Revised: 9 January 2025 / Accepted: 13 January 2025 / Published: 15 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Neurology)
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Abstract

Background and Objectives: Cognitive impairment affects memory, reasoning, and problem-solving, with early detection being critical for effective management. The amygdala, a key structure in emotional processing and memory, may play a pivotal role in detecting cognitive decline. This study examines differences in amygdala nuclei volumes in patients with varying levels of cognitive performance to evaluate its potential as a biomarker. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study of 35 participants was conducted and classified into three groups: the normal (≥26), moderate (15–25), and low (≤14) cognitive performance groups based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging at 3.0 T scanner was used to assess amygdala nuclei volumes. Results: Significant amygdala atrophy was observed in multiple amygdala nuclei across cognitive performance groups, with more pronounced changes in the low-performance group. The right hemisphere nuclei, including the lateral and basal nuclei, showed more significant differences, indicating their sensitivity to cognitive decline. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of amygdala nuclei atrophy as a biomarker for cognitive impairment. Additional research with larger sample sizes and longitudinal designs is needed to confirm these findings and determine their diagnostic value.
Keywords: amygdala; amygdala atrophy; neuroradiology; structural magnetic resonance imaging; Montreal Cognitive Assessment; cognition; mild cognitive impairment; dementia amygdala; amygdala atrophy; neuroradiology; structural magnetic resonance imaging; Montreal Cognitive Assessment; cognition; mild cognitive impairment; dementia

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Peiseniece, E.; Zdanovskis, N.; Šneidere, K.; Kostiks, A.; Karelis, G.; Platkājis, A.; Stepens, A. Amygdala Nuclei Atrophy in Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Insights from High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Medicina 2025, 61, 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61010130

AMA Style

Peiseniece E, Zdanovskis N, Šneidere K, Kostiks A, Karelis G, Platkājis A, Stepens A. Amygdala Nuclei Atrophy in Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Insights from High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Medicina. 2025; 61(1):130. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61010130

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peiseniece, Evija, Nauris Zdanovskis, Kristīne Šneidere, Andrejs Kostiks, Guntis Karelis, Ardis Platkājis, and Ainārs Stepens. 2025. "Amygdala Nuclei Atrophy in Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Insights from High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging" Medicina 61, no. 1: 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61010130

APA Style

Peiseniece, E., Zdanovskis, N., Šneidere, K., Kostiks, A., Karelis, G., Platkājis, A., & Stepens, A. (2025). Amygdala Nuclei Atrophy in Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Insights from High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Medicina, 61(1), 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61010130

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