Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia in Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Analysis to Explore the Definition Based on the Trauma Registry Data
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Data Source and Study Population
2.3. Definition of SIH in DM
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Patients with and without Diabetes
3.2. Definition of SIH in DM
3.3. Patient Outcomes Based on Different Definitions
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | DM | Non-DM |
---|---|---|
n = 1037 | n = 358 | |
Sex | ||
Female, n (%) | 541 (52.2) | 161 (45.0) |
Male, n (%) | 496 (47.8) | 197 (55.0) |
Age (years) | 67.1 ± 12.5 | 64.4 ± 16.8 |
Comorbidity | ||
HTN, n (%) | 669 (64.5) | 168 (46.9) |
CAD, n (%) | 120 (11.6) | 33 (9.2) |
CHF, n (%) | 30 (2.9) | 11 (3.1) |
CVA, n (%) | 137 (13.2) | 43 (12.0) |
ESRD, n (%) | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) |
GCS | 14.1 ± 2.5 | 13.6 ± 3.2 |
ISS, median (IQR) | 9 (5–14) | 9 (5–16) |
<16 | 781 (75.3) | 257 (71.8) |
16–24 | 189 (18.2) | 67 (18.7) |
≥25 | 67 (6.5) | 34 (9.5) |
HbA1c (%) | 7.6 ± 1.8 | 5.7 ± 0.4 |
ADAG | 172.2 ± 51.2 | 115.4 ± 12.0 |
Blood sugar (mg/dL) | 224.3 ± 103.9 | 144.6 ± 44.5 |
Glycemic gap (mg/dL) | 52.1 ± 87.9 | 29.2 ± 43.6 |
SHR | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.4 |
Mortality, n (%) | 38 (3.7) | 16 (4.5) |
Variables | (I) | (II) | (III) | (IV) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glucose ≥ 250 | Glucose ≥ 300 | Glucose ≥ 350 | DN | |
n = 332 | n = 188 | n = 106 | n = 491 | |
Sex | ||||
Female, n (%) | 166 (50.0) | 91 (48.4) | 55 (51.9) | 250 (50.9) |
Male, n (%) | 166 (50.0) | 97 (51.6) | 51 (48.1) | 241 (49.1) |
Age (years) | 64.6 ± 13.7 | 63.6 ± 13.7 | 63.2 ± 14.1 | 68.5 ± 11.5 |
Comorbidity | ||||
HTN, n (%) | 187 (56.3) | 106 (56.4) | 62 (58.5) | 340 (69.2) |
CAD, n (%) | 33 (9.9) | 16 (8.5) | 7 (6.6) | 64 (13.0) |
CHF, n (%) | 10 (3.0) | 7 (3.7) | 5 (4.7) | 12 (2.4) |
CVA, n (%) | 27 (8.1) | 15 (8.0) | 9 (8.5) | 79 (16.1) |
ESRD, n (%) | 2 (0.6) | 2 (1.1) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.2) |
GCS | 13.6 ± 3.3 | 13.6 ± 3.2 | 13.6 ± 3.2 | 14.4 ± 2.0 |
ISS, median (IQR) | 9 (9–16) | 9 (6–16) | 9 (9–16) | 9 (5–10) |
<16 | 223 (67.2) | 124 (66.0) | 70 (66.0) | 389 (79.2) |
16–24 | 74 (22.3) | 46 (24.5) | 27 (25.5) | 81 (16.5) |
≥25 | 35 (10.5) | 18 (9.6) | 9 (8.5) | 21 (4.3) |
Mortality, n (%) | 22 (6.6) | 10 (5.3) | 3 (2.8) | 11 (2.2) |
Adjusted mortality, n (%) | 22 (6.6) | 10 (5.3) | 3 (2.8) | 11 (2.2) |
Hospital LOS (days) | 13.6 ± 13.5 | 14.2 ± 13.9 | 13.4 ± 11.1 | 11.3 ± 11.2 |
ICU admission, n (%) | 112 (33.7) | 65 (34.6) | 36 (34.0) | 119 (24.2) |
Variables | (I) vs. (IV) | (II) vs. (IV) | (III) vs. (IV) |
---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Sex | 0.796 | 0.558 | 0.856 |
Female, n (%) | 1.0 (0.73–1.27) | 0.9 (0.65–1.27) | 1.0 (0.68–1.58) |
Male, n (%) | 1.0 (0.79–1.37) | 1.1 (0.79–1.55) | 1.0 (0.63–1.46) |
Comorbidity | |||
HTN, n (%) | 0.6 (0.43–0.77) | 0.6 (0.41–0.81) | 0.6 (0.41–0.96) |
CAD, n (%) | 0.7 (0.47–1.15) | 0.6 (0.35–1.10) | 0.5 (0.21–1.06) |
CHF, n (%) | 1.2 (0.53–2.90) | 1.5 (0.60–3.98) | 2.0 (0.68–5.73) |
CVA, n (%) | 0.5 (0.29–0.73) | 0.5 (0.25–0.81) | 0.5 (0.24–1.00) |
ESRD, n (%) | 3.0 (0.27–32.88) | 5.3 (0.48–58.45) | 4.7 (0.29–75.21) |
ISS | |||
<16 | 0.5 (0.39–0.74) | 0.5 (0.35–0.74) | 0.5 (0.32–0.81) |
16–24 | 1.5 (1.02–2.06) | 1.6 (1.09–2.47) | 1.7 (1.05–2.85) |
≥25 | 2.6 (1.51–4.62) | 2.4 (1.23–4.56) | 2.1 (0.92–4.67) |
Mortality, n (%) | 3.1 (1.48–6.48) | 2.5 (1.02–5.87) | 1.3 (0.35–4.64) |
Adjusted mortality, n (%) | 3.5 (1.61–7.46) | 3.0 (1.11–8.03) | 1.8 (0.44–7.14) |
ICU admission, n (%) | 1.6 (1.17–2.16) | 1.7 (1.15–2.38) | 1.6 (1.02–2.53) |
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Rau, C.-S.; Wu, S.-C.; Chen, Y.-C.; Chien, P.-C.; Hsieh, H.-Y.; Kuo, P.-J.; Hsieh, C.-H. Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia in Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Analysis to Explore the Definition Based on the Trauma Registry Data. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1527. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14121527
Rau C-S, Wu S-C, Chen Y-C, Chien P-C, Hsieh H-Y, Kuo P-J, Hsieh C-H. Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia in Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Analysis to Explore the Definition Based on the Trauma Registry Data. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(12):1527. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14121527
Chicago/Turabian StyleRau, Cheng-Shyuan, Shao-Chun Wu, Yi-Chun Chen, Peng-Chen Chien, Hsiao-Yun Hsieh, Pao-Jen Kuo, and Ching-Hua Hsieh. 2017. "Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia in Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Analysis to Explore the Definition Based on the Trauma Registry Data" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 12: 1527. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14121527