Moral Disengagement as an Explanatory Factor of the Polyivictimization of Bullying and Cyberbullying
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Polyvictimization in the Coexistence of Off- and On-Line Scenarios
1.2. Moral Disengagement in Victimization Processes
1.3. The Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instruments
2.3. Procedure
3. Data Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Identification of Polyvictims
4.2. Moral Disengagement as a Predictive Variable of Polyvictimization Processes
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
7. Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number of Abuse Modalities Suffered | Victims of Bullying | Polyvictims of Bullying | Victims of Cyberbullying | Polyvictims of Cyberbullying | Victims of Bullying and Cyberbullying | Polyvictims of Bullying and Cyberbullying |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Less than 4 | 67 | - | 75 | - | 115 | - |
4 | - | 6 | - | 39 | - | 97 |
5 | - | 1 | - | 11 | - | 56 |
6 | - | - | - | 3 | - | 28 |
7 | - | - | - | - | - | 5 |
8 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
9 | - | - | - | - | 1 | |
Total | 67 | 7 | 75 | 53 | 115 | 189 |
Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement | Polyvictims of Bullying | Polyvictims of Cyberbullying | Polyvictims of Bullying and Cyberbullying |
---|---|---|---|
Mean (sd) | Mean (sd) | Mean (sd) | |
Moral justification | 3.14 (0.52) | 3.41 (0.67) | 3.28 (0.61) |
Euphemistic language | 2.90 (0.66) | 3.31 (0.73) | 3.16 (0.70) |
Advantageous comparison | 2.82 (0.70) | 3.19 (0.77) | 2.99 (0.71) |
Distortion of consequences | 2.96 (0.70) | 3.58 (0.72) | 3.22 (0.69) |
Diffusion of responsibility | 2.02 (0.67) | 2.18 (0.64) | 1.86 (0.58) |
Displacement of responsibility | 1.89 (0.70) | 1.94 (0.66) | 2.11 (0.62) |
Dehumanization | 0.97 (0.63) | 1.07 (0.49) | 1.10 (0.50) |
Attribution of blame | 1.27 (0.51) | 1.34 (0.58) | 1.31 (0.54) |
Moral Disengagement Mechanisms | Victims | Polyvictims | F | Cohen’s D |
---|---|---|---|---|
Moral justification | 2.01 (0.17) | 3.14 (0.19) | 11.77 ** | 0.95 |
Euphemistic language | 2.74 (0.14) | 2.93 (0.15) | 3.20 | 0.55 |
Advantageous comparison | 1.90 (0.12) | 2.97 (0.15) | 9.14 * | 0.97 |
Behavior locus | 2.11 (0.18) | 2.98 (0.16) | 8.29 * | 0.93 |
Distortion of consequences | 2.32 (0.17) | 3.24 (0.17) | 10.28 ** | 0.94 |
Outcome locus | 2.32 (0.17) | 3.24 (0.17) | 10.28 ** | 0.94 |
Diffusion of responsibility | 1.96 (0.14) | 2.15 (0.15) | 4.68 | 1.31 |
Displacement of responsibility | 1.64 (0.15) | 2.23 (0.14) | 7.05 * | 0.90 |
Agency Locus | 1.80 (0.15) | 2.11 (0.15) | 3.78 | 0.72 |
Dehumanization | 0.94 (0.12) | 1.01 (0.14) | 0.98 | 0.26 |
Attribution of blame | 1.57 (0.13) | 1.29 (0.15) | 2.03 | 0.71 |
Locus of the recipients | 1.28 (0.15) | 1.14 (0.16) | 1.34 | 0.41 |
Moral disengagement | 2.13 (0.17) | 2.91 (0.19) | 6.89 *,1 | 0.91 |
Variables | Polyvictimization | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 β 1 (t) | Model 2 β 1 (t) | Model 3 β 1 (t) | Model 4 β 1 (t) | Model 5 β 1 (t) | Model 6 β 1 (t) | |
Gender | 0.16 (3.21) | 0.16 (3.00) | 0.14 (2.89) | 0.13 (2.52) | 0.09 (2.15) | 0.08 (1.89) |
Context | 0.28 (7.54) * | 0.31 (8.02) * | 0.29 (7.88) * | 0.27 (7.36) * | 0.27 (7.36) * | 0.29 (7.81) * |
Behavior locus | - | 0.47 (11.54) ** | 0.43 (10.73) ** | 0.36 (8.55) * | 0.31 (7.98) * | 0.39 (9.14) ** |
Outcome locus | - | - | 0.34 (8.97) ** | 0.28 (7.76) * | 0.26 (7.35) * | 0.32 (8.75) ** |
Agency locus | - | - | - | 0.19 (4.13) | 0.14 (2.87) | 0.12 (2.56) |
Locus of the recipients | - | - | - | - | 0.12 (2.26) | 0.15 (2.87) |
Moral disengagement | - | - | - | - | - | 0.36 (8.84) ** |
R2 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.28 | 0.35 |
ΔR2 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.17 1 |
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Fernández-Antelo, I.; Cuadrado-Gordillo, I. Moral Disengagement as an Explanatory Factor of the Polyivictimization of Bullying and Cyberbullying. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2414. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132414
Fernández-Antelo I, Cuadrado-Gordillo I. Moral Disengagement as an Explanatory Factor of the Polyivictimization of Bullying and Cyberbullying. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(13):2414. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132414
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernández-Antelo, Inmaculada, and Isabel Cuadrado-Gordillo. 2019. "Moral Disengagement as an Explanatory Factor of the Polyivictimization of Bullying and Cyberbullying" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13: 2414. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132414
APA StyleFernández-Antelo, I., & Cuadrado-Gordillo, I. (2019). Moral Disengagement as an Explanatory Factor of the Polyivictimization of Bullying and Cyberbullying. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(13), 2414. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132414