Chemical Effect of Bisphenol A on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
The Exposition and Pharmacokinetics of BPA
2. EDCs and Metabolic Diseases
Mechanisms of Biological Action of BPA
3. NAFLD and EDCs
3.1. Hepatic TG Accumulation
3.2. Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: NAFLD-NASH Progression
3.3. NASH/HCC Progression
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
List of Abbreviations
NAFLD | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
DCs | Endocrine disruptors |
BPA | Bisphenol A |
T2DM | Type 2 diabetes mellitus |
PM | Particulate matter |
DDT | Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane |
TF | Tolylfluanid |
POPs | Persistent organic pollutants |
US | United States |
EPA | Environmental protection agency |
BW | Body weight |
IR | Insulin Resistance |
PCOs | Poly-cystic ovary syndrome |
HDL | High-density lipoprotein |
O-LDL | Oxidized low-density lipoproteins |
LDLc | LDL cholesterol |
IRS-1 | Insulin receptor substrate-1 |
Akt2 | Protein kinase B-2 |
ERα/β | Estrogen receptor α/β |
AR | Androgen receptor |
GPER | G protein-coupled estrogen receptor |
GPR30 | G protein-coupled receptor 30 |
IGF-1R | Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor |
ERRγ | Estrogen-related receptor gamma |
MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
PI3K | Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase |
EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor |
TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor alpha |
IL | Interleukin |
GLUT | Glucose transporters |
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
CAT | Catalase |
MDA | Malondialdehyde |
GSH | Glutathione |
SOD | Superoxide dismutase |
MiR | miRNAs |
GAL | G-alanine and g-alanine-like peptide |
CART | Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript |
CGRP | Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide |
2AG | 2-arachidonoylglycerol |
AEA | Anandamide |
PEA | Palmitoylethanolamide |
CB1 | Endocannabinoid receptor 1 |
TG | Triglyceride |
NASH | Steatohepatitis |
HCC | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
DNL | De novo lipogenesis |
FFA | free fatty acids |
SERBF1 | Sterol regulatory element-binding protein |
UTR | 3’ untranslated region |
M1KCs | Pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype |
ORO | Oil red O |
TBARS | Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances |
PAMPs | Pathogens Associated Molecular Patterns |
SCFA | Short Chain Fatty Acids |
LPS | Lipopolysaccharides |
γH2AX | Histon Family Member X |
CYP1A1 | Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 |
UGT1A1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 |
GSTA1 | Glutathione S-transferase A1 |
GCLC | Glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit |
GPX1 | Glutathione peroxidase 1 |
GSR | Glutathione-disulfide reductase |
SOD1A | Superoxide dismutase 1A |
TP53 | Tumor Protein 53 |
MDM2 | Mouse double minute 2 homolog |
CDKN1A | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 |
ERK | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
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Endocrine Disruptors | ||
---|---|---|
Arsenic | Insecticides | Fire retardants |
Atrazine | Polychlorobiphenyl | Estradiol |
Bisphenol A | Cadmium | Estrone |
Lead | Parabens | Fungicides |
Mercury | Pesticides | Perchlorate |
Phytoestrogens | Bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate | Triclosan |
Glycol ethers | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | Perfluorinated chemicals |
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Dallio, M.; Diano, N.; Masarone, M.; Gravina, A.G.; Patanè, V.; Romeo, M.; Di Sarno, R.; Errico, S.; Nicolucci, C.; Abenavoli, L.; et al. Chemical Effect of Bisphenol A on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 3134. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173134
Dallio M, Diano N, Masarone M, Gravina AG, Patanè V, Romeo M, Di Sarno R, Errico S, Nicolucci C, Abenavoli L, et al. Chemical Effect of Bisphenol A on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(17):3134. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173134
Chicago/Turabian StyleDallio, Marcello, Nadia Diano, Mario Masarone, Antonietta Gerarda Gravina, Vittorio Patanè, Mario Romeo, Rosa Di Sarno, Sonia Errico, Carla Nicolucci, Ludovico Abenavoli, and et al. 2019. "Chemical Effect of Bisphenol A on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17: 3134. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173134