Demographic and Socioeconomic Determinants of Body Mass Index in People of Working Age
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- What percentage of Wrocław working-age respondents are characterized by normal body weight, according to WHO criteria?
- Are age, gender, education, occupational status, marital status, number of people in the household, having a steady source of income, gross and net income, debt, and savings associated with the respondents’ BMI?
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Statistical Analysis
2.4. Ethical Approval
3. Results
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Category | Frequency | Percent | Chi-Square | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Woman | 2206 | 51.12 | 2.18 | 0.140 |
Man | 2109 | 48.88 | |||
Age | 18–24 years | 576 | 13.35 | 207.75 | <0.001 |
25–34 years | 1119 | 25.93 | |||
35–44 years | 867 | 20.09 | |||
45–54 years | 752 | 17.43 | |||
55–64 years | 1001 | 23.20 | |||
Education | Primary | 1680 | 38.93 | 138.02 | <0.001 |
Secondary | 1553 | 35.99 | |||
Higher | 1082 | 25.08 | |||
Job | Manual worker | 1142 | 26.47 | 538.28 | <0.001 |
White-collar worker | 1315 | 30.48 | |||
Self-employed | 605 | 14.02 | |||
Student | 582 | 13.49 | |||
Unemployed | 671 | 15.55 | |||
Marital status | Single | 1738 | 40.28 | 163.13 | <0.001 |
Married | 2577 | 59.72 | |||
Persons per household | 1 person | 546 | 12.65 | 578.54 | <0.001 |
2 persons | 970 | 22.48 | |||
3 persons | 1231 | 28.53 | |||
4 persons | 1130 | 26.19 | |||
≥5 persons | 438 | 10.15 | |||
Steady income | No | 812 | 18.82 | 1678.21 | <0.001 |
Yes | 3503 | 81.18 | |||
Per capita income | ≤130 USD | 295 | 6.84 | 558.32 | <0.001 |
131–260 USD | 874 | 20.25 | |||
261–390 USD | 1087 | 25.19 | |||
391–520 USD | 866 | 20.07 | |||
>520 USD | 1193 | 27.65 | |||
Disposable (net) income | No income | 381 | 8.83 | 513.09 | <0.001 |
≤52 USD | 794 | 18.40 | |||
53–104 USD | 1141 | 26.44 | |||
105–156 USD | 786 | 18.22 | |||
>156 USD | 1213 | 28.11 | |||
Savings | No | 2261 | 52.40 | 9.93 | 0.002 |
Yes | 2054 | 47.60 | |||
Indebtedness | No | 2268 | 52.56 | 11.32 | 0.001 |
Yes | 2047 | 47.44 |
Variable | Category | Frequency | Percent | Chi-Square | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body mass | Normal weight | 2590 | 60.02 | 173.40 | <0.001 |
Overweight | 1725 | 39.98 |
Variable | Category | Body Mass | Chi-Square | p-Value | Cramer’s V | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal Weight | Overweight | |||||||
Frequency | Percent | Frequency | Percent | |||||
Sex | Woman | 1575 | 71.40 | 631 | 28.60 | 243.30 | <0.001 | 0.24 |
Man | 1015 | 48.13 | 1094 | 51.87 | ||||
Age | 18–24 years | 470 | 81.60 | 106 | 18.40 | 390.20 | <0.001 | 0.30 |
25–34 years | 831 | 74.26 | 288 | 25.74 | ||||
35–44 years | 497 | 57.32 | 370 | 42.68 | ||||
45–54 years | 294 | 39.10 | 458 | 60.90 | ||||
55–64 years | 498 | 49.75 | 503 | 50.25 | ||||
Education | Primary | 982 | 58.45 | 698 | 41.55 | 40.86 | <0.001 | 0.10 |
Secondary | 1024 | 65.94 | 529 | 34.06 | ||||
Higher | 584 | 53.97 | 498 | 46.03 | ||||
Job | Manual worker | 692 | 60.60 | 450 | 39.40 | 210.73 | <0.001 | 0.22 |
White-collar worker | 711 | 54.07 | 604 | 45.93 | ||||
Self-employed | 292 | 48.26 | 313 | 51.74 | ||||
Student | 497 | 85.40 | 85 | 14.60 | ||||
Unemployed | 398 | 59.31 | 273 | 40.69 | ||||
Marital status | Single | 1265 | 72.78 | 473 | 27.22 | 197.52 | <0.001 | 0.21 |
Married | 1325 | 51.42 | 1252 | 48.58 | ||||
Persons per household | 1 person | 327 | 59.89 | 219 | 40.11 | 33.49 | <0.001 | 0.09 |
2 persons | 519 | 53.51 | 451 | 46.49 | ||||
3 persons | 728 | 59.14 | 503 | 40.86 | ||||
4 persons | 741 | 65.58 | 389 | 34.42 | ||||
≥5 persons | 275 | 62.79 | 163 | 37.21 | ||||
Steady income | No | 602 | 74.14 | 210 | 25.86 | 83.05 | <0.001 | 0.14 |
Yes | 1988 | 56.75 | 1515 | 43.25 | ||||
Per capita income | ≤130 USD | 211 | 71.53 | 84 | 28.47 | 75.12 | <0.001 | 0.13 |
131–260 USD | 575 | 65.79 | 299 | 34.21 | ||||
261–390 USD | 656 | 60.35 | 431 | 39.65 | ||||
391–520 USD | 544 | 62.82 | 322 | 37.18 | ||||
>520 USD | 604 | 50.63 | 589 | 49.37 | ||||
Disposable net income | No income | 275 | 72.18 | 106 | 27.82 | 106.55 | <0.001 | 0.16 |
≤52 USD | 515 | 64.86 | 279 | 35.14 | ||||
53–104 USD | 715 | 62.66 | 426 | 37.34 | ||||
105–156 USD | 498 | 63.36 | 288 | 36.64 | ||||
>156 USD | 587 | 48.39 | 626 | 51.61 | ||||
Savings | No | 1388 | 61.39 | 873 | 38.61 | 3.69 | 0.055 | 0.03 |
Yes | 1202 | 58.52 | 852 | 41.48 | ||||
Indebtedness | No | 1423 | 62.74 | 845 | 37.26 | 14.73 | <0.001 | 0.06 |
Yes | 1167 | 57.01 | 880 | 42.99 |
Variable | Category | B | Std. Error | Wald | p-Value | Exp (B) | 95% Confidence Interval for Exp(B) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | |||||||
Intercept | −0.17 | 0.18 | 0.88 | 0.347 | ||||
Sex | Woman | 1.31 | 0.08 | 284.47 | <0.001 | 3.70 | 3.18 | 4.30 |
Man | 0 a | |||||||
Age | 18–24 years | 1.20 | 0.15 | 60.46 | <0.001 | 3.32 | 2.45 | 4.50 |
25–34 years | 0.89 | 0.11 | 62.27 | <0.001 | 2.43 | 1.95 | 3.04 | |
35–44 years | 0.30 | 0.11 | 8.01 | 0.005 | 1.35 | 1.10 | 1.66 | |
45–54 years | −0.55 | 0.11 | 26.38 | <0.001 | 0.58 | 0.47 | 0.71 | |
55–64 years | 0 a | |||||||
Job | Manual worker | 0.91 | 0.14 | 43.17 | <0.001 | 2.48 | 1.89 | 3.25 |
White collar worker | 0.48 | 0.13 | 12.96 | <0.001 | 1.62 | 1.25 | 2.10 | |
Self-employed | 0.58 | 0.16 | 13.37 | <0.001 | 1.78 | 1.31 | 2.43 | |
Student | 0.83 | 0.17 | 23.60 | <0.001 | 2.29 | 1.64 | 3.20 | |
Unemployed | 0 a | |||||||
Marital status | Single | 0.25 | 0.09 | 7.16 | 0.007 | 1.29 | 1.07 | 1.55 |
Married | 0 a | |||||||
Persons per household | 1 person | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0.811 | 1.04 | 0.76 | 1.42 |
2 persons | −0.28 | 0.13 | 4.27 | 0.039 | 0.76 | 0.58 | 0.99 | |
3 persons | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.863 | 1.02 | 0.79 | 1.32 | |
4 persons | 0.29 | 0.13 | 4.96 | 0.026 | 1.34 | 1.04 | 1.74 | |
≥5 persons | 0 a | |||||||
Steady income | Yes | −0.60 | 0.13 | 21.37 | <0.001 | 0.55 | 0.43 | 0.71 |
No | 0 a | |||||||
Net income | ≤52 USD | −0.64 | 0.16 | 16.81 | <0.001 | 0.53 | 0.39 | 0.72 |
53–104 USD | −0.66 | 0.15 | 19.49 | <0.001 | 0.52 | 0.38 | 0.69 | |
105–156 USD | −0.55 | 0.16 | 11.49 | 0.001 | 0.58 | 0.42 | 0.79 | |
>156 USD | −1.03 | 0.16 | 43.76 | <0.001 | 0.36 | 0.26 | 0.48 | |
No income | 0 a | |||||||
Savings | Yes | 0.29 | 0.08 | 13.82 | <0.001 | 1.34 | 1.15 | 1.57 |
No | 0 a |
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Puciato, D.; Rozpara, M. Demographic and Socioeconomic Determinants of Body Mass Index in People of Working Age. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8168. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218168
Puciato D, Rozpara M. Demographic and Socioeconomic Determinants of Body Mass Index in People of Working Age. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(21):8168. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218168
Chicago/Turabian StylePuciato, Daniel, and Michał Rozpara. 2020. "Demographic and Socioeconomic Determinants of Body Mass Index in People of Working Age" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21: 8168. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218168