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Volume 18
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Article

Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Stimulation on People with Mild to Moderate Dementia due to Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

by
Jorge Oliveira
1,*,
Pedro Gamito
1,
Teresa Souto
1,
Rita Conde
1,
Maria Ferreira
1,
Tatiana Corotnean
2,
Adriano Fernandes
3,
Henrique Silva
3 and
Teresa Neto
3
1
Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab–HEI-Lab, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
2
Department of Psychology, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
3
Santa Casa da Misericórdia da Amadora–SCMA, 2610-143 Amadora, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(10), 5290; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105290
Submission received: 9 April 2021 / Revised: 9 May 2021 / Accepted: 12 May 2021 / Published: 16 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Virtual Reality on Cognitive Rehabilitation)
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Abstract

The use of ecologically oriented approaches with virtual reality (VR) depicting instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) is a promising approach for interventions on acquired brain injuries. However, the results of such an approach on dementia caused by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are still lacking. This research reports on a pilot randomized controlled trial that aimed to explore the effect of a cognitive stimulation reproducing several IADL in VR on people with mild-to-moderate dementia caused by AD. Patients were recruited from residential care homes of Santa Casa da Misericórdia da Amadora (SCMA), which is a relevant nonprofit social and healthcare provider in Portugal. This intervention lasted two months, with a total of 10 sessions (two sessions/week). A neuropsychological assessment was carried out at the baseline and follow-up using established neuropsychological instruments for assessing memory, attention, and executive functions. The sample consisted of 17 patients of both genders randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The preliminary results suggested an improvement in overall cognitive function in the experimental group, with an effect size corresponding to a large effect in global cognition, which suggests that this approach is effective for neurocognitive stimulation in older adults with dementia, contributing to maintaining cognitive function in AD.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; aging; computerized cognitive stimulation; dementia; ecological validity; virtual reality Alzheimer’s disease; aging; computerized cognitive stimulation; dementia; ecological validity; virtual reality

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MDPI and ACS Style

Oliveira, J.; Gamito, P.; Souto, T.; Conde, R.; Ferreira, M.; Corotnean, T.; Fernandes, A.; Silva, H.; Neto, T. Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Stimulation on People with Mild to Moderate Dementia due to Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 5290. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105290

AMA Style

Oliveira J, Gamito P, Souto T, Conde R, Ferreira M, Corotnean T, Fernandes A, Silva H, Neto T. Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Stimulation on People with Mild to Moderate Dementia due to Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(10):5290. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105290

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oliveira, Jorge, Pedro Gamito, Teresa Souto, Rita Conde, Maria Ferreira, Tatiana Corotnean, Adriano Fernandes, Henrique Silva, and Teresa Neto. 2021. "Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Stimulation on People with Mild to Moderate Dementia due to Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10: 5290. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105290

APA Style

Oliveira, J., Gamito, P., Souto, T., Conde, R., Ferreira, M., Corotnean, T., Fernandes, A., Silva, H., & Neto, T. (2021). Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Stimulation on People with Mild to Moderate Dementia due to Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(10), 5290. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105290

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