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Volume 18
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10.3390/ijerph182111123
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Article

Posters as a Tool to Improve Hand Hygiene among Health Science Students: Case—Control Study

by
María Gázquez-López
1,
Encarnación Martínez-García
2,3,*,
Adelina Martín-Salvador
2,
María Adelaida Álvarez-Serrano
1,*,
Inmaculada García-García
2,
Rafael A. Caparros-Gonzalez
2,4 and
María Ángeles Pérez-Morente
5
1
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
2
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
3
Guadix High Resolution Hospital, Guadix, 18500 Granada, Spain
4
Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
5
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11123; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111123
Submission received: 3 October 2021 / Revised: 12 October 2021 / Accepted: 20 October 2021 / Published: 22 October 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 Pandemic and the Environment)
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Abstract

(1) Background: Numerous educational interventions have been conducted to improve hand hygiene (HH) compliance and effectiveness among nursing students, with mixed results. The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of posters as a teaching tool and factors associated with HH quality. (2) Methods: A pre-post experimental intervention study was conducted with a total of 293 nursing students randomly assigned to two groups (experimental and control) who, before and after HH, took cell culture samples from their non-dominant hands. Only the experimental group was exposed to the poster. (3) Results: In the experimental group, significant differences were observed among students older than 22 years (p = 0.017; V = 0.188), with a higher percentage of failures (15.7% vs. 3.6%). Poster displaying was associated with passing, other variables being equal, although without statistical significance (ORa = 2.07; 95% CI = 0.81–5.26). Pre-practice hand contamination was weakly associated with lower HH quality (ORa = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.99–0.99). (4) Conclusions: The use of posters as a teaching method shows indications of efficacy. Prior hand contamination slightly affects the quality of HH. Further evaluation of teaching methods is needed to ensure good technical performance of HH to prevent the spread of infectious diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords: hand hygiene; education; posters; nursing students; CFU colony-forming units hand hygiene; education; posters; nursing students; CFU colony-forming units

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gázquez-López, M.; Martínez-García, E.; Martín-Salvador, A.; Álvarez-Serrano, M.A.; García-García, I.; Caparros-Gonzalez, R.A.; Pérez-Morente, M.Á. Posters as a Tool to Improve Hand Hygiene among Health Science Students: Case—Control Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111123

AMA Style

Gázquez-López M, Martínez-García E, Martín-Salvador A, Álvarez-Serrano MA, García-García I, Caparros-Gonzalez RA, Pérez-Morente MÁ. Posters as a Tool to Improve Hand Hygiene among Health Science Students: Case—Control Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(21):11123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111123

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gázquez-López, María, Encarnación Martínez-García, Adelina Martín-Salvador, María Adelaida Álvarez-Serrano, Inmaculada García-García, Rafael A. Caparros-Gonzalez, and María Ángeles Pérez-Morente. 2021. "Posters as a Tool to Improve Hand Hygiene among Health Science Students: Case—Control Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21: 11123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111123

APA Style

Gázquez-López, M., Martínez-García, E., Martín-Salvador, A., Álvarez-Serrano, M. A., García-García, I., Caparros-Gonzalez, R. A., & Pérez-Morente, M. Á. (2021). Posters as a Tool to Improve Hand Hygiene among Health Science Students: Case—Control Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111123

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