Impact of DST (Daylight Saving Time) on Major Trauma: A European Cohort Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Set
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- Demographics;
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- Injury patterns;
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- Comorbidities;
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- Prehospital data;
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- Course of hospital treatment, including intensive care unit, relevant laboratory findings, transfusions, and interventions;
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- Outcome.
2.2. Statistics
3. Results
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AIS | abbreviated injury scale |
DST | daylight saving time |
ICU | intensive care unit |
ISS | Injury Severity Score |
IQR | interquartile range |
RISC II | Revised Injury Severity Classification II |
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Accident History, n = 14,488 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-Week | Post-Week | Total | |||
DST standard to summer time | car/lorry, n (%) | 758 (21.9) | 778 (20.8) | 1534 (21.3) | |
motorcycle, n (%) | 349 (10.1) | 529 (14.1) | 878 (12.2) | ||
bicycle, n (%) | 245 (7.1) | 280 (7.5) | 525 (7.3) | ||
pedestrians, n (%) | 218 (6.3) | 209 (5.6) | 427 (5.9) | ||
high fall > 3 m, n (%) | 589 (17.0) | 610 (16.3) | 1199 (16.6) | ||
low fall < 3 m, n (%) | 869 (25.1) | 870 (23.2) | 1739 (24.1) | ||
others, n (%) | 430 (12.4) | 472 (12.6) | 902 (12.5) | ||
total, n | 3456 | 3748 | 7204 | ||
DST summer to standard time | car/lorry, n (%) | 863 (23.0) | 830 (23.5) | 1693 (23.2) | |
motorcycle, n (%) | 412 (11.0) | 319 (9.0) | 731 (10.0) | ||
bicycle, n (%) | 288 (7.7) | 244 (6.9) | 532 (7.3) | ||
pedestrians, n (%) | 243 (6.5) | 303 (8.6) | 546 (7.5) | ||
high fall > 3 m, n (%) | 653 (17.4) | 638 (18.1) | 1291 (17.7) | ||
low fall < 3 m, n (%) | 866 (23.1) | 803 (22.8) | 1669 (22.9) | ||
others, n (%) | 430 (11.5) | 392 (11.1) | 822 (11.3) | ||
total, n | 3755 | 3529 | 7284 | ||
Total | car/lorry, n (%) | 1619 (22.5) | 1608 (22.1) | 3227 (22.3) | |
motorcycle, n (%) | 761 (10.6) | 848 (11.7) | 1609 (11.1) | ||
bicycle, n (%) | 533 (7.4) | 524 (7.2) | 1057 (7.3) | ||
pedestrians, n (%) | 461 (6.4) | 512 (7.0) | 973 (6.7) | ||
fall > 3 m, n (%) | 1242 (17.2) | 1248 (17.1) | 2490 (17.2) | ||
fall < 3 m, n (%) | 1735 (24.1) | 1673 (23.1) | 3408 (23.5) | ||
others, n (%) | 860 (11.9) | 864 (11.9) | 1724 (11.9) | ||
total, n (%) | 7211 | 7277 | 14,488 |
Impact of DST in Major Trauma | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-DST | Post-DST | p-Value | ||
Traffic accident, n (%) | no | 3752 (52.0) | 3695 (50.8) | p = 0.131 |
yes | 3459 (48.0) | 3582 (49.2) | ||
Blunt/penetrating trauma, n (%) | blunt | 6749 (95.8) | 6808 (95.6) | p = 0.595 |
penetrating | 295 (4.2) | 311 (4.4) | ||
Sex, n (%) | female | 2172 (29.6) | 2066 (27.8) | p = 0.017 |
male | 5175 (70.4) | 5367 (72.2) | ||
Age 70+ years, n (%) | <70 | 5459 (74.4) | 5502 (74.2) | p = 0.778 |
>70 | 1877 (25.6) | 1912 (25.8) | ||
Died, n (%) | no | 6482 (87.8) | 6495 (87.2) | p = 0.325 |
yes | 900 (12.2) | 950 (12.8) | ||
AIS head ≥ 3, n (%) | <3 | 3968 (58.9) | 3993 (53.6) | p = 0.746 |
≥3 | 3394 (46.1) | 3452 (46.4) | ||
AIS thorax ≥ 3, n (%) | <3 | 3898 (52.9) | 3942 (52.9) | p = 0.999 |
≥3 | 3464 (47.1) | 3503 (47.1) | ||
AIS abdomen ≥ 3, n (%) | <3 | 6384 (86.7) | 6473 (86.9) | p = 0.681 |
≥3 | 978 (13.3) | 972 (13.1) | ||
AIS extremities ≥ 3, n (%) | <3 | 5166 (70.2) | 5106 (68.6) | p = 0.036 |
≥3 | 2196 (29.8) | 2339 (31.4) |
Pre-DST | Post-DST | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) | 51 (22) | 51 (22) | 0.501 |
ISS, mean (SD) | 21.8 (11.7) | 22.3 (12.1) | 0.052 |
Prognosis based on RISC II, mean % | 13.2 | 13.4 | 0.439 |
ICU days, median (IQR) | 2 (1–8) | 3 (1–8) | 0.035 |
Hospital days, median (IQR) | 13 (5–23) | 13 (6–23) | 0.457 |
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Nohl, A.; Seelmann, C.; Roenick, R.; Ohmann, T.; Lefering, R.; Brune, B.; Weichert, V.; Dudda, M.; The TraumaRegister DGU. Impact of DST (Daylight Saving Time) on Major Trauma: A European Cohort Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 13322. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413322
Nohl A, Seelmann C, Roenick R, Ohmann T, Lefering R, Brune B, Weichert V, Dudda M, The TraumaRegister DGU. Impact of DST (Daylight Saving Time) on Major Trauma: A European Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(24):13322. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413322
Chicago/Turabian StyleNohl, André, Christine Seelmann, Robert Roenick, Tobias Ohmann, Rolf Lefering, Bastian Brune, Veronika Weichert, Marcel Dudda, and The TraumaRegister DGU. 2021. "Impact of DST (Daylight Saving Time) on Major Trauma: A European Cohort Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24: 13322. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413322