Effects of Acute Visual Stimulation Exercise on Attention Processes: An ERP Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Experimental Procedure
2.3. Kanizsa Triangle Task
2.4. Electroencephalography Measurements
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Behavioral Indices
3.2. Event-related Potential Data
3.2.1. P2 Amplitude
3.2.2. N2b Amplitude
3.2.3. P3a Amplitude
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Values Are Mean ± Standard Deviation |
---|---|
Sample Size (n) | 22 (10 Females) |
Age (years) | 24.0 ± 3.0 |
Height (cm) | 169.91 ± 7.39 |
Weight (kg) | 61.06 ± 9.42 |
Valid Cue | Invalid Cue | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group | Pre | Post | Session p (η2p) | Session × Intervention p (η2p) | Session Effect p (η2p) | Pre-Post Difference Comparison p (η2p) | Pre | Post | Session p (η2p) | Session × Intervention p (η2p) | Session Effect p (η2p) | Pre-Post Difference Comparison p (η2p) |
P2 Amplitude (μV) | ||||||||||||
Seated rest | 1.80 ± 1.83 | 1.75 ± 1.63 | 0.670 (0.508) | 0.001 (0.326) | 0.001 (0.507) | 0.001 (0.653) G > S, R, N, Y; S, N, B, Y > R | 2.21 ± 1.46 | 2.24 ± 1.62 | 0.790 (0.505) | 0.041 (0.228) | 0.001 (0.465) | 0.050 (0.454) S < N, B, G G > R, Y |
No color | 1.67 ± 2.00 | 3.25 ± 1.72 | 0.001 (0.725) | 2.18 ± 1.92 | 4.59 ± 1.80 | 0.001 (0.820) | ||||||
Blue | 1.71 ± 1.55 | 4.06 ± 1.53 | 0.001 (0.860) | 2.26 ± 1.73 | 4.37 ± 1.68 | 0.001 (0.809) | ||||||
Green | 1.82 ± 1.78 | 4.72 ± 1.87 | 0.001 (0.387) | 2.41 ± 1.60 | 5.72 ± 1.71 | 0.001 (1.000) | ||||||
Red | 1.93 ± 1.82 | 2.37 ± 1.71 | 0.090 (0.570) | 2.14 ± 1.58 | 3.74 ± 2.74 | 0.023 (0.694) | ||||||
Yellow | 1.73 ± 1.85 | 3.43 ± 1.83 | 0.001 (0.743) | 2.21 ± 1.53 | 3.75 ± 1.70 | 0.002 (0.750) | ||||||
N2b Amplitude (μV) | ||||||||||||
Seated rest | −0.45 ± 2.10 | −0.49 ± 2.09 | 0.714 (0.505) | 0.001 (0.165) | 0.001 (0.125) | 0.004 (0.582) S < N, B, G, R, Y; G > N, B, R, Y | −0.70 ± 2.1.9 | −0.70 ± 1.99 | 0.992 (0.500) | 0.002 (0.139) | 0.492 (0.004) | 0.003 (0.621) G > N, B, R, Y; S > R |
No color | −0.17 ± 2.47 | −0.80 ± 2.32 | 0.189 (0.574) | −0.74 ± 2.16 | −0.49 ± 2.67 | 0.638 (0.524) | ||||||
Blue | −0.98 ± 2.11 | −1.13 ± 2.00 | 0.704 (0.521) | −1.00 ± 2.16 | −1.22 ± 2.05 | 0.624 (0.529) | ||||||
Green | −0.23 ± 2.14 | −2.50 ± 2.10 | 0.001 (0.776) | −0.61 ± 2.20 | −2.46 ± 3.08 | 0.001 (0.687) | ||||||
Red | −0.21 ± 2.13 | −0.17 ± 1.71 | 0.935 (0.623) | −0.76 ± 2.28 | 0.34 ± 2.76 | 0.112 (0.621) | ||||||
Yellow | −0.24 ± 2.37 | −1.28 ± 2.34 | 0.074 (0.047) | −0.50 ± 2.19 | −0.57 ± 2.69 | 0.907 (0.508) | ||||||
P3a Amplitude (μV) in Fz Region | ||||||||||||
Seated rest | 2.35 ± 0.96 | 2.27 ± 0.96 | 0.128 (0.521) | 0.001 (0.334) | 0.017 (0.548) | 0.001 (0.588) S < N, B, G, Y; G > N, B, R, Y; N, B > R N, B > Y B > R, Y | 2.81 ± 1.27 | 2.80 ± 1.41 | 0.951 (0.502) | 0.001 (0.284) | 0.001 (0.505) | 0.001 (0.653) S < N, B, G, Y; G > N, B, R, Y |
No color | 2.22 ± 1.31 | 4.05 ± 1.49 | 0.001 (0.822) | 2.83 ± 1.46 | 5.20 ± 1.49 | 0.001 (0.872) | ||||||
Blue | 2.48 ± 1.05 | 4.68 ± 1.47 | 0.001 (0.888) | 2.66 ± 1.08 | 5.08 ± 1.28 | 0.001 (0.926) | ||||||
Green | 2.23 ± 1.23 | 5.00 ± 1.22 | 0.001 (0.945) | 2.94 ± 1.45 | 6.83 ± 1.45 | 0.001 (0.971) | ||||||
Red | 2.11 ± 1.09 | 2.84 ± 1.41 | 0.033 (0.659) | 2.73 ± 1.51 | 3.85 ± 2.13 | 0.047 (0.666) | ||||||
Yellow | 2.34 ± 0.99 | 3.66 ± 1.88 | 0.006 (0.733) | 2.73 ± 1.25 | 4.50 ± 2.62 | 0.020 (0.729) | ||||||
P3a Amplitude (μV) in Cz Region | ||||||||||||
Seated rest | 2.21 ± 1.16 | 2.42 ± 1.00 | 0.125 (0.555) | 0.001 (0.236) | 0.001 (0.448) | 0.001 (0.560) S < N, B, G; G > R, Y: N, B > R | 2.77 ± 1.08 | 2.88 ± 1.35 | 0.205 (0.525) | 0.001 (0.299) | 0.001 (0.474) | 0.001 (0.730) S < N, B, G; G > N, B, R, Y |
No color | 2.29 ± 1.27 | 3.91 ± 1.46 | 0.001 (0.799) | 2.97 ± 1.25 | 5.05 ± 1.35 | 0.001 (0.871) | ||||||
Blue | 2.69 ± 1.06 | 4.64 ± 1.77 | 0.001 (0.828) | 2.53 ± 1.10 | 4.87 ± 1.23 | 0.001 (0.922) | ||||||
Green | 2.46 ± 1.22 | 4.97 ± 1.31 | 0.001 (0.920) | 2.83 ± 1.47 | 6.43 ± 1.35 | 0.001 (0.964) | ||||||
Red | 2.22 ± 1.27 | 2.64 ± 1.32 | 0.257 (0.591) | 2.85 ± 1.58 | 3.68 ± 2.15 | 0.097 (0.622) | ||||||
Yellow | 2.13 ± 1.13 | 3.30 ± 1.76 | 0.012 (0.712) | 2.81 ± 1.28 | 3.83 ± 2.35 | 0.105 (0.468) |
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Wu, S.; Ji, H.; Won, J.; Liu, X.; Park, J.-J. Effects of Acute Visual Stimulation Exercise on Attention Processes: An ERP Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 1107. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031107
Wu S, Ji H, Won J, Liu X, Park J-J. Effects of Acute Visual Stimulation Exercise on Attention Processes: An ERP Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(3):1107. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031107
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Shanshan, Hongqing Ji, Junyeon Won, Xiaolong Liu, and Jung-Jun Park. 2021. "Effects of Acute Visual Stimulation Exercise on Attention Processes: An ERP Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 1107. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031107