Examining Dementia Family Caregivers’ Forgone Care for General Practitioners and Medical Specialists during a COVID-19 Lockdown
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Design and Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.3. Statistical Analyses
2.4. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. The Israeli Context
3.2. Caregivers’ and Care-Receivers’ Sociodemographic Characteristics
3.3. Prevalence of Forgone Care for Dementia Caregivers and Care-Receivers
3.4. Correlates of Forgone Care for Dementia Caregivers and Care-Receivers
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations of the Study
4.2. Theoretical and Practical Conclusions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Percentage/Mean (SD) |
---|---|
Predisposing factors | |
Caregiver gender (%) | |
Male | 13.70 |
Female | 86.30 |
Caregiver mean (SD) age | 54.27 ± 12.31 |
Care-receiver gender (%) | |
Male | 39.73 |
Female | 60.27 |
Care-receiver mean (SD) age | 80.73 ± 7.69 |
Caregiver education (%) | |
12 years or less | 40.85 |
More than 12 years | 59.15 |
Caregiver religion (%) | |
Jewish | 81.43 |
Non-Jewish | 18.57 |
Caregiver/care-receiver relationship (%) | |
Spouse | 25.3 |
Children | 74.7 |
Mean (SD) susceptibility to contracting COVID-19 | 2.51 ± 0.93 |
Mean (SD) fear of contracting COVID-19 | 3.13 ± 1.34 |
Enabling/impeding factors | |
Care-receiver lives with caregiver (%) | 39.73 |
Caregiver net monthly income (%) | |
Below average | 62.50 |
Average | 16.67 |
Above average | 20.83 |
Private health insurance (%) | 56.16 |
Need factors | |
Caregiver reported feelings of loneliness (%) | |
Very often | 41.10 |
Sometimes/never | 58.90 |
Caregiver reported feelings of burden (%) | |
High feelings | 30.14 |
No/light/medium feelings | 69.86 |
Mean (SD) number of years since diagnosis | 5.01 ± 2.97 |
Mean (SD) care-receiver’s cognitive functioning | 21.45 ± 6.72 |
Mean (SD) care-receiver’s problematic behaviors | 2.13 ± 0.69 |
Caregiver reported diabetes diagnosis (%) | 24.64 |
Caregiver reported blood pressure diagnosis (%) | 7.14 |
Caregiver reported heart disease diagnosis (%) | 9.86 |
Caregiver reported pulmonary diagnosis (%) | 5.97 |
Caregiver (n = 73) | Care-Receiver (n = 73) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of Service | Service Not Needed | Service Needed a | Service Not Needed | Service Needed a | ||||||
Service Used in Person | Service Used via Phone/Video | Delayed Using the Service | HMO Cancelled the Service | Service Used in Person | Service Used via Phone/Video | Delayed Using the Service | HMO Cancelled the Service | |||
GP | 46.38 | 48.65 | 21.62 | 29.73 | 25.37 | 48.00 | 24.00 | 26.00 | 2.00 | |
Specialist | 52.24 | 40.63 | 6.25 | 37.50 | 15.63 | 34.85 | 34.88 | 6.98 | 48.84 | 9.30 |
Caregiver (n = 49) | Care-Receiver (n = 58) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Type of Service | Did Not Forgo Care | Forgone Care | Did Not Forgo Care | Forgone Care |
GP | 70.27 | 29.73 | 72.00 | 28.00 |
Specialist | 46.88 | 53.12 | 41.86 | 58.14 |
At least one of these services was forgone | 50.00 | 50.00 | 45.45 | 54.55 |
Caregiver (n = 49) | Care-Receiver (n = 58) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |
Predisposing factors | ||||||
CG gender (reference male) | 0.416 | 0.349–1.217 | 0.345 | |||
CG education (reference 12 years or less) | 0.678 | 0.214–0.888 | 0.024 | 0.319 | 0.067–0.529 | 0.014 |
Enabling/impeding factors | ||||||
CG lives with CR | 0.252 | 0.032–0.618 | 0.020 | |||
CG monthly income | 0.235 | 0.041–0.715 | 0.015 | |||
Need factors | ||||||
CG feelings of loneliness | 1.576 | 1.272–2.665 | 0.025 | |||
CG feelings of burden | 1.242 | 0.652–2.374 | 0.045 | |||
CR perceived cognitive functioning | 1.692 | 1.132–3.372 | 0.010 | |||
Model score | 13.06475 | 8.272194 |
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Werner, P.; Tur-Sinai, A.; AboJabel, H. Examining Dementia Family Caregivers’ Forgone Care for General Practitioners and Medical Specialists during a COVID-19 Lockdown. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 3688. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073688
Werner P, Tur-Sinai A, AboJabel H. Examining Dementia Family Caregivers’ Forgone Care for General Practitioners and Medical Specialists during a COVID-19 Lockdown. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(7):3688. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073688
Chicago/Turabian StyleWerner, Perla, Aviad Tur-Sinai, and Hanan AboJabel. 2021. "Examining Dementia Family Caregivers’ Forgone Care for General Practitioners and Medical Specialists during a COVID-19 Lockdown" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3688. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073688