Concerns Related to the COVID-19 in Adult Norwegians during the First Outbreak in 2020: A Qualitative Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
Sample Characteristics
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Sociodemographic Variables for the Total Population
2.3.2. Data Regarding Infection
2.3.3. Concerns Related to COVID-19
2.4. Statistical Analyses
2.5. Thematic Analysis
2.6. Ethics
3. Results
3.1. Quantitative Data for the Total Population
3.2. Qualitative Analysis of the Open-Ended Question Related to Concerns
3.3. Thematic Analysis
3.3.1. Society
Economy
Contagion Effects
Vulnerable Groups
Attitudes
3.3.2. Health
Infection and Critical Illness
Pregnancy
Mental Health
3.3.3. Social Activities
Isolation/Loneliness
Physical Contact with Family and Friends
3.3.4. Personal Economy
Redundancy/Unemployment
Real Estate Market
3.3.5. Duration
Length of Lockdown
The Future
4. Discussion
4.1. Society
4.2. Health
4.3. Other Themes
4.4. Methodological Considerations
4.4.1. Strengths/Limitations
4.4.2. Implications for Public Health and Future Research
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author 1 | Author 2 | Preliminary Themes | Final Theme Names |
---|---|---|---|
Societal Health related Psychological Vulnerable groups Worldwide consequences To early opening of the society Duration of the Pandemic | Worldwide consequences Societal Economic; personal, family, society, world The governmental handling of the pandemic; restrictions, to early opening of the society Social isolation, loneliness Mental health Vulnerable groups Contagious—health and death Duration of the pandemic The future—consequences of the pandemic | Medical concerns Sociological concerns Economic concerns Psychosocial concerns Concerns of duration | Society Health Social activities Personal economy Duration |
% (n) | Total Sample |
---|---|
Respondents | 4527 |
Gender % | |
Women | 85.0 (3850) |
Men | 15.0 (659) |
Age groups % | |
18–29 | 25.5 (1156) |
30–39 | 26.9 (1220) |
40–49 | 20.6 (931) |
50–59 | 16.9 (766) |
60–69 | 7.8 (354) |
70–79 | 1.8 (82) |
≥80 | 0.4 (18) |
Place of residence % | |
Rural (<200 inhabitants) | 4.4 (187) |
Village (200–19,999 inhabitants) | 25.2 (1141) |
Town (20,000–99,999 inhabitants) | 24.1 (1091) |
City (≥100,000 inhabitants) | 46.3 (2098) |
Education level % | |
higher (<12 years) | 84.3 (3417) |
lower (≥12 years) | 15.5 (636) |
Employed or in education % | |
Before COVID-19 pandemic | 87.8 (3971) |
During COVID-19 pandemic | 81.0 (3667) |
Civil status % | |
Married | 60.0 (2716) |
Boy/girlfriend | 7.0 (318) |
Widow | 1.1 (48) |
Divorced | 4.1 (187) |
Single | 27.8 (1258) |
Living situation % | |
Living alone | 22.0 (994) |
With parents | 7.0 (319) |
Spouse | 60.0 (2714) |
Person > 18 years | 16.1 (730) |
Children < 18 years | 34.2 (1547) |
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Skogstad, L.; Schou-Bredal, I.; Bonsaksen, T.; Heir, T.; Ekeberg, Ø.; Grimholt, T. Concerns Related to the COVID-19 in Adult Norwegians during the First Outbreak in 2020: A Qualitative Approach. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4312. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084312
Skogstad L, Schou-Bredal I, Bonsaksen T, Heir T, Ekeberg Ø, Grimholt T. Concerns Related to the COVID-19 in Adult Norwegians during the First Outbreak in 2020: A Qualitative Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(8):4312. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084312
Chicago/Turabian StyleSkogstad, Laila, Inger Schou-Bredal, Tore Bonsaksen, Trond Heir, Øivind Ekeberg, and Tine Grimholt. 2021. "Concerns Related to the COVID-19 in Adult Norwegians during the First Outbreak in 2020: A Qualitative Approach" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8: 4312. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084312