Knowledge and Use of Electronic Cigarettes in Young Adults in the United Arab Emirates, Particularly during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Measures
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Current Use of Regular Cigarettes, Waterpipe or Medwakh
3.2. Patterns of Use and Knowledge about E-Cigarettes
3.3. Studying the COVID-19 Impact on Nicotine Consumption
3.4. Correlates of 30-Day E-Cigarette Use and an Increase in Self-Reported Nicotine Product Consumption since the Start of the Pandemic
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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N | % | |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Male | 59 | 24.6 |
Female | 181 | 75.4 |
Age | ||
18 to 24 | 219 | 91.3 |
25 and above | 21 | 8.8 |
Nationality | ||
Emirati | 168 | 70.0 |
Other nationality | 72 | 30.0 |
Emirate of residence | ||
Abu Dhabi | 140 | 58.3 |
Dubai | 45 | 18.8 |
Northern Emirates | 55 | 22.9 |
Highest degree | ||
Highschool | 155 | 64.6 |
Bachelor | 75 | 31.3 |
Masters | 8 | 3.3 |
Others | 2 | 0.8 |
Marital status | ||
Single | 227 | 94.6 |
Married | 10 | 4.2 |
Divorced | 1 | 0.4 |
Widowed | 2 | 0.8 |
Currently smokes regular cigarettes | 16 | 6.7 |
Currently smokes waterpipe | 31 | 12.9 |
Currently smokes medwakh | 24 | 10.0 |
Currently smokes any of regular cigarettes, waterpipe, or medwakh | 49 | 20.4 |
Any parent currently smokes regular cigarettes, waterpipe, or medwakh | 65 | 27.1 |
Any close peer currently smokes regular cigarettes, waterpipe, or medwakh | 107 | 44.6 |
% Among Males (n = 59) | % Among Females (n = 181) | χ2 | p-Value | % Among Other Nationalities (n = 72) | % Among Emiratis (n = 168) | χ2 | p-Value | Total (n = 240) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Use of e-cigarettes | |||||||||
Have ever used an e-cigarette before | 61.0 | 28.7 | 19.975 | <0.001 | 34.7 | 37.5 | 0.167 | 0.682 | 36.7 |
30-day use of e-cigarette | 40.7 | 16.6 | 14.825 | <0.001 | 18.1 | 24.4 | 1.165 | 0.280 | 22.5 |
Knowledge and attitudes towards e-cigarettes | |||||||||
How harmful do you think using electronic cigarettes are to a person’s health? | |||||||||
Not harmful at all | 8.5 | 3.9 | 12.712 | 0.002 | 5.6 | 4.8 | 2.614 | 0.271 | 5.0 |
Moderately harmful | 57.6 | 35.9 | 48.6 | 38.1 | 41.3 | ||||
Very harmful | 33.9 | 60.2 | 45.8 | 57.1 | 53.8 | ||||
Do you think that electronic cigarettes could be less harmful than regular cigarettes? | |||||||||
Could be less harmful | 50.8 | 35.4 | 6.345 | 0.042 | 45.8 | 36.3 | 3.551 | 0.169 | 39.2 |
All equally harmful | 28.8 | 47.0 | 33.3 | 46.4 | 42.5 | ||||
Don′t know | 20.3 | 17.7 | 20.8 | 17.3 | 18.3 | ||||
Do you believe that electronic cigarettes are addictive? | |||||||||
No | 22.0 | 5.5 | 16.668 | <0.001 | 15.3 | 7.1 | 4.526 | 0.104 | 9.6 |
Yes | 55.9 | 78.5 | 65.3 | 76.2 | 72.9 | ||||
Don′t know | 22.0 | 16.0 | 19.4 | 16.7 | 17.5 | ||||
Do you believe electronic cigarettes are a helpful aid for smoking cessation? | |||||||||
No | 30.5 | 48.6 | 11.505 | 0.003 | 41.7 | 45.2 | 2.982 | 0.225 | 44.2 |
Yes | 45.8 | 23.2 | 36.1 | 25.6 | 28.7 | ||||
Don′t know | 23.7 | 28.2 | 22.2 | 29.2 | 27.1 | ||||
Self-reported changes in consumption of nicotine-containing products (regular cigarettes, e-cigarettes, waterpipe, and medwakh) since the start of the pandemic | |||||||||
Self-evaluation of change in consumption | |||||||||
Decreased | 6.8 | 6.6 | 13.645 | 0.003 | 6.9 | 6.5 | 9.720 | 0.021 | 6.7 |
No change | 52.5 | 51.9 | 66.7 | 45.8 | 52.1 | ||||
Increased | 30.5 | 13.3 | 11.1 | 20.2 | 17.5 | ||||
Don’t know | 10.2 | 28.2 | 15.3 | 27.4 | 23.8 | ||||
Students’ evaluation of parents’ change in consumption | |||||||||
Decreased | 10.2 | 3.9 | 5.823 | 0.121 | 6.9 | 4.8 | 7.345 | 0.062 * | 5.4 |
No change | 57.6 | 50.8 | 62.5 | 48.2 | 52.5 | ||||
Increased | 8.5 | 15.5 | 13.9 | 13.7 | 13.8 | ||||
Don’t know | 23.7 | 29.8 | 16.7 | 33.3 | 28.3 |
Model 1 | 30-Day E-Cigarette Use (n = 54) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Simple Logistic Regression (Bivariate Regression) | Multiple Logistic Regression (Multi-Variate Regression) | |||||||
OR | CI | p-Value | OR | CI | p-Value | |||
Male gender | 3.451 | 1.801 | 6.615 | <0.001 | 2.013 | 0.846 | 4.791 | 0.114 |
Age (continuous) | 0.956 | 0.862 | 1.060 | 0.392 | ||||
Emirati nationality | 1.465 | 0.730 | 2.939 | 0.282 | ||||
Currently smokes tobacco * | 22.632 | 10.373 | 49.378 | <0.001 | 12.887 | 5.255 | 31.600 | <0.001 |
Any parent currently smokes tobacco * | 0.353 | 0.187 | 0.670 | 0.001 | 0.652 | 0.278 | 1.528 | 0.325 |
Any close peer currently smokes tobacco * | 0.197 | 0.100 | 0.388 | <0.001 | 0.480 | 0.203 | 1.138 | 0.096 |
Thinks that e-cigs have moderate/high levels of harm to health | 0.126 | 0.036 | 0.438 | 0.001 | 0.150 | 0.030 | 0.738 | 0.020 |
Believes that e-cigs are addictive | 0.757 | 0.391 | 1.467 | 0.410 | ||||
Has received info through media about e-cigs | 1.816 | 0.875 | 3.771 | 0.110 | 2.122 | 0.821 | 5.483 | 0.120 |
Thinks that tobacco increases risk of COVID-19 and its complications | 0.353 | 0.182 | 0.684 | 0.002 | 0.589 | 0.250 | 1.389 | 0.227 |
Model 2 | Increase in self-reported nicotine product consumption during pandemic (n = 42) | |||||||
Simple Logistic Regression (bivariate regression) | Multiple Logistic Regression (multi-variate regression) | |||||||
OR | CI | p-value | OR | CI | p-value | |||
Male gender | 2.872 | 1.425 | 5.790 | 0.003 | 2.174 | 0.969 | 4.875 | 0.060 |
Age (continuous) | 0.953 | 0.848 | 1.071 | 0.421 | ||||
Emirati nationality | 2.030 | 0.889 | 4.635 | 0.093 | 2.355 | 0.952 | 5.827 | 0.064 |
Currently smokes tobacco * | 6.967 | 3.361 | 14.442 | <0.001 | 5.310 | 2.224 | 12.675 | <0.001 |
Any parent currently smokes tobacco * | 0.795 | 0.384 | 1.643 | 0.535 | ||||
Any close peer currently smokes tobacco * | 0.426 | 0.215 | 0.844 | 0.015 | 0.911 | 0.398 | 2.082 | 0.825 |
Thinks that e-cigs have moderate/high levels of harm to health | 1.064 | 0.224 | 5.043 | 0.938 | ||||
Believes that e-cigs are addictive | 1.231 | 0.567 | 2.672 | 0.600 | ||||
Has received info through media about e-cigs | 1.633 | 0.736 | 3.620 | 0.228 | ||||
Thinks that tobacco increases risk of COVID-19 and its complications | 0.578 | 0.290 | 1.153 | 0.120 | 0.868 | 0.400 | 1.884 | 0.720 |
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Abbasi, Y.; Hout, M.-C.V.; Faragalla, M.; Itani, L. Knowledge and Use of Electronic Cigarettes in Young Adults in the United Arab Emirates, Particularly during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 7828. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137828
Abbasi Y, Hout M-CV, Faragalla M, Itani L. Knowledge and Use of Electronic Cigarettes in Young Adults in the United Arab Emirates, Particularly during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(13):7828. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137828
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbbasi, Yasir, Marie-Claire Van Hout, Mohamed Faragalla, and Lynn Itani. 2022. "Knowledge and Use of Electronic Cigarettes in Young Adults in the United Arab Emirates, Particularly during the COVID-19 Pandemic" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13: 7828. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137828