Mattering and Depressive Symptoms in Portuguese Postpartum Women: The Indirect Effect of Loneliness
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Loneliness and Depressive Symptoms in the Postpartum Period
1.2. Mattering and Depressive Symptoms in the Postpartum Period: The Potential Mediating Role of Loneliness
1.3. The Present Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Procedures
2.2. Sample
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Sociodemographic, Clinical, and Infant’s Characteristics
2.3.2. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)
2.3.3. Loneliness Scale (ULS-6)
2.3.4. General Mattering Scale (GMS; Psychometric Studies of Portuguese Version Ongoing)
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Association between Mattering, Loneliness, and Depressive Symptomatology
3.2. Potential Mediating Role of Loneliness in the Relationship between Mattering and Depressive Symptomatology in Portuguese Women in the Postpartum Period
Preliminary Analyses
3.3. Direct and Indirect Effects of the Relationship between Mattering and Depressive Symptomatology in the Postpartum Period
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations and Future Research
4.2. Implications for Practice
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mattering (GMS) | Loneliness (ULS-6) | Depressive Symptoms (EPDS) | |
---|---|---|---|
GMS | - | ||
ULS-6 | −0.69 ** | - | |
EPDS | −0.48 ** | 0.56 ** | - |
Age | Education Level | Residence | Baby’s Age | Number of Children | Gestation Week at Birth | EPDS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | - | ||||||
Educational level | 0.24 ** | - | |||||
Residence | −0.08 | −0.13 ** | - | ||||
Baby’s age | 0.08 | 0.01 | −0.08 | - | |||
Number of children | 0.35 ** | −0.03 | −0.02 | −0.02 | - | ||
Gestation week at birth | −0.07 | 0.02 | −0.01 | 0.03 | 0.03 | - | |
EPDS | −0.10 * | −0.17 ** | −0.01 | 0.03 | −0.09 * | 0.00 | - |
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Caetano, B.; Branquinho, M.; Canavarro, M.C.; Fonseca, A. Mattering and Depressive Symptoms in Portuguese Postpartum Women: The Indirect Effect of Loneliness. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 11671. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811671
Caetano B, Branquinho M, Canavarro MC, Fonseca A. Mattering and Depressive Symptoms in Portuguese Postpartum Women: The Indirect Effect of Loneliness. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(18):11671. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811671
Chicago/Turabian StyleCaetano, Bárbara, Mariana Branquinho, Maria Cristina Canavarro, and Ana Fonseca. 2022. "Mattering and Depressive Symptoms in Portuguese Postpartum Women: The Indirect Effect of Loneliness" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18: 11671. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811671