Interethnic Influencing Factors Regarding Buttocks Body Image in Women from Nigeria, Germany, USA and Japan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. The Present Study
1.2. Hypotheses
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. IP Classification and Verification of Origin
2.3. Classification and Regression Tree (CART) Analysis
2.4. Instagram Influencer Data Collection
2.5. Statistics and Data Presentation
3. Results
3.1. Survey Population
3.2. Perception of One’s Own Buttocks in Women
3.3. Identification of Major Factors Influencing the Perception of One’s Own Buttocks
3.4. Social Media Was Identified as a Crucial Trigger for the Perception of Gluteal Esthetics in Females
3.5. Correlation of the Influencers’ WHR with the Participants’ Favored WHR
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations and Strengths of the Study
4.2. Future Directions
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Germany (n = 151) | Nigeria (n = 486) | USA (n = 179) | Japan (n = 144) | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | ||
Happy with one’s own buttocks? | 3.45 | 1.13 | 4.37 | 1.25 | 3.66 | 1.22 | 2.18 | 1.00 | 0.001 |
Would you surgically change your buttocks? (%) | 23.8 | 8.2 | 63.1 | 4.3 | 0.001 | ||||
Have you had an esthetic procedure done on your buttocks? (%) | 17.2 | 5.3 | 11.2 | 1.3 | 0.001 | ||||
What part of the female body are you most attracted to? (%) | |||||||||
Breast | 21.2 | 20.0 | 28.5 | 27.9 | 0.001 | ||||
Buttocks | 19.9 | 34.4 | 57.0 | 5.4 | 0.001 | ||||
Abdomen | 10.6 | 5.3 | 0.0 | 2.7 | 0.001 | ||||
Legs | 8.6 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 23.1 | 0.001 | ||||
Face | 39.7 | 38.6 | 14.5 | 40.8 | 0.001 | ||||
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Feature | Variable Feature Importance Score (a.u.) |
---|---|
Satisfaction with sex life | 0.405 |
Country of origin | 0.353 |
Weight | 0.096 |
Level of education | 0.061 |
TikTok frequency | 0.042 |
Ethnicity | 0.042 |
Germany | Nigeria | USA | Japan | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Participants’ favored WHR (a.u.) | 0.650 (n = 275) | 0.641 (n = 1057) | 0.623 (n = 375) | 0.738 (n = 304) | 0.001 |
WHR of fitness influencer (a.u.) | 0.656 (n = 25) | 0.641 (n = 11) | 0.636 (n = 49) | 0.685 (n = 17) | 0.001 |
p-value | 0.651 | 0.984 | 0.147 | 0.004 |
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Wallner, C.; Kruber, S.; Adebayo, S.O.; Ayandele, O.; Namatame, H.; Olonisakin, T.T.; O. Olapegba, P.; Sawamiya, Y.; Suzuki, T.; Yamamiya, Y.; et al. Interethnic Influencing Factors Regarding Buttocks Body Image in Women from Nigeria, Germany, USA and Japan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 13212. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013212
Wallner C, Kruber S, Adebayo SO, Ayandele O, Namatame H, Olonisakin TT, O. Olapegba P, Sawamiya Y, Suzuki T, Yamamiya Y, et al. Interethnic Influencing Factors Regarding Buttocks Body Image in Women from Nigeria, Germany, USA and Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(20):13212. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013212
Chicago/Turabian StyleWallner, Christoph, Svenja Kruber, Sulaiman Olanrewaju Adebayo, Olusola Ayandele, Hikari Namatame, Tosin Tunrayo Olonisakin, Peter O. Olapegba, Yoko Sawamiya, Tomohiro Suzuki, Yuko Yamamiya, and et al. 2022. "Interethnic Influencing Factors Regarding Buttocks Body Image in Women from Nigeria, Germany, USA and Japan" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20: 13212. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013212