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Article

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Healthcare Workers before the Vaccination in Poland: Evolution from the First to the Second Pandemic Outbreak

by
Izabela Korona-Głowniak
1,*,
Michał Mielnik
2,
Martyna Podgajna
3,
Ewelina Grywalska
3,
Marek Hus
2,
Katarzyna Matuska
1,
Beata Wojtysiak-Duma
4,
Dariusz Duma
4,
Andrzej Glowniak
5,6 and
Anna Malm
1
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
2
Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
3
Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
4
Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
5
Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
6
Clinical Department of Electrocardiology, SPSK-4 University Hospital, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(4), 2319; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042319
Submission received: 7 January 2022 / Revised: 30 January 2022 / Accepted: 14 February 2022 / Published: 17 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Safety, Health and Wellbeing of Healthcare Workers)
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Abstract

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are on the frontline, struggling with the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To describe recent or past infections, the serological assays enabled the assessment of the immune response developed in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the period when testing was hardly available. In this study, we investigated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in HCWs in a Polish teaching hospital and the Regional Occupational Medicine Center after both the first and the second waves. ELISA-based tests for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG were used to determine immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in volunteer HCWs who worked in those institutions in May 2020 (208 participants aged 47.1 ± 12.5, 88% women) and in December 2020 (179 participants aged 45.2 ± 12.4, 86% woman). Risk factors for seropositivity were also assessed using a questionnaire filled out by all participants. We reported a significant increase in seroprevalence after the second wave (22.9%) compared with the first outbreak (2.4%) (OR 12.1; 95%CI 4.6–31.3; p < 0.0001). An association between IgG seroprevalence and severity of infections was noted. Furthermore, we demonstrated that amongst medical personnel, nurses exhibited a proportionally higher SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence. Moreover, given the high seroprevalence in non-clinical group of HCWs, we suggest that community transmission can play a superior role to workplace exposure.
Keywords: healthcare workers; SARS-CoV-2; IgG/IgA seroprevalence; risk factors healthcare workers; SARS-CoV-2; IgG/IgA seroprevalence; risk factors

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MDPI and ACS Style

Korona-Głowniak, I.; Mielnik, M.; Podgajna, M.; Grywalska, E.; Hus, M.; Matuska, K.; Wojtysiak-Duma, B.; Duma, D.; Glowniak, A.; Malm, A. SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Healthcare Workers before the Vaccination in Poland: Evolution from the First to the Second Pandemic Outbreak. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 2319. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042319

AMA Style

Korona-Głowniak I, Mielnik M, Podgajna M, Grywalska E, Hus M, Matuska K, Wojtysiak-Duma B, Duma D, Glowniak A, Malm A. SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Healthcare Workers before the Vaccination in Poland: Evolution from the First to the Second Pandemic Outbreak. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(4):2319. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042319

Chicago/Turabian Style

Korona-Głowniak, Izabela, Michał Mielnik, Martyna Podgajna, Ewelina Grywalska, Marek Hus, Katarzyna Matuska, Beata Wojtysiak-Duma, Dariusz Duma, Andrzej Glowniak, and Anna Malm. 2022. "SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Healthcare Workers before the Vaccination in Poland: Evolution from the First to the Second Pandemic Outbreak" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4: 2319. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042319

APA Style

Korona-Głowniak, I., Mielnik, M., Podgajna, M., Grywalska, E., Hus, M., Matuska, K., Wojtysiak-Duma, B., Duma, D., Glowniak, A., & Malm, A. (2022). SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Healthcare Workers before the Vaccination in Poland: Evolution from the First to the Second Pandemic Outbreak. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 2319. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042319

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