Development and Poverty Dynamics in Severe Mental Illness: A Modified Capability Approach in the Chinese Context
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants and Data Collection
2.3. Data Analysis
2.4. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Perceived Development and Changes
Contracting land out not only reduced manual work, but also made me feel safe. Agricultural incomes can be greatly affected by the climate. Now, regardless of the climate, the income is more stable. That is the best part of becoming a city dweller. (No. 3).
After our farmlands were claimed, every month I can receive around three thousand CNY. For a family like ours, this was the biggest revenue. Without it, I cannot image how hard our life could have been. (No. 16)
Those opportunities are for others, not for us. No matter how much others have earned, that’s their fates. I have a wife with schizophrenia. I must stay at home to provide care. Poverty is my fate. (No. 8)
3.2. Long-Term Impacts of SMI on Poverty
I never bring friends home. This is a fatal blow to my business. Others cannot trust me without knowing my family. If they knew, I would also lose their trust. My brother is much richer than me. He can take his business partners home; they drink together and achieve consensus on cooperation in everyday interactions. I cannot. (No. 19)
We had richer relatives. I gave them gifts and was rejected. They despised me. They were afraid that I may ask them for help. I kept myself away from neighbors. Every time I visited them, I felt depressed to see them being better off. I had no social network. (No. 5)
Mental illness may affect at least three generations. The illness on my mother affected her generation, mine and my kids’. When I was young, only my father worked to support the whole family. We lived in poverty and I dropped out from school early. As a result, I was not capable to find a well-paid job. I cannot work far away because I need to keep an eye on her. The current situation will inevitably affect my children. (No. 7)
3.3. Complex Roles of Social Protection
My wife can hardly do any work. She was only rated as third-level disability and was not qualified for subsidies. I complained, the reason given was that she showed no obvious signs of disability. I think it’s not fair. My neighbor got a grant. He had his left hand amputated but he could do many things as usual. (No. 4)
I live worse than ten years ago. It gets harder to find a part-time job as I grow older. Meanwhile, the medical expenditure for both my wife and me are higher. My children are still young, sometimes I need to support them. I borrowed money to pay for the insurance. Now I am heavily in debt. (No. 8)
3.4. Presenting the Full Picture: Two Case Illustration
4. Discussion
5. Strengths and Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Caregiver Information N(%); M(SD) | Information of Persons with SMI N(%); M(SD) | Household Information N(%); M(SD) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 58.15 (11.65) | 58.85 (11.40) | |
Gender, Female | 8 (40%) | 13 (65%) | |
Employment | |||
Unemployed & retired | 4 (20%) | 13 (65%) | |
Part-time work | 9 (45%) | 2 (10%) | |
Farmer | 7 (35%) | 5 (25%) | |
Marital status | |||
Have a spouse | 18 (90%) | 14 (70%) | |
Have no spouse | 2 (10%) | 6 (30%) | |
Relations to persons with SMI | |||
Parents | 2 (10%) | ||
Spouse | 13 (65%) | ||
Sons and daughter | 3 (65%) | ||
Siblings | 2 (10%) | ||
Household income per capita in 2018 (CNY) | 28,620 (6676.36) | ||
Household size in 2018 | 3.05 (1.10) | ||
Poverty typology | |||
Persistent poverty | 6 (30%) | ||
Fell into poverty | 6 (30%) | ||
Escaped poverty | 3 (15%) | ||
Never experienced poverty | 5 (25%) |
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Yu, Y.-H.; Peng, M.-M. Development and Poverty Dynamics in Severe Mental Illness: A Modified Capability Approach in the Chinese Context. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 2351. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042351
Yu Y-H, Peng M-M. Development and Poverty Dynamics in Severe Mental Illness: A Modified Capability Approach in the Chinese Context. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(4):2351. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042351
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Yue-Hui, and Man-Man Peng. 2022. "Development and Poverty Dynamics in Severe Mental Illness: A Modified Capability Approach in the Chinese Context" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4: 2351. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042351