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Volume 19
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10.3390/ijerph19073895
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Article

Relationship between Standing Trunk Extension Angle and Medial Elbow Injuries in Young Baseball Pitchers

by
Megumi Gonno
1,*,
Noriyuki Kida
2,
Teruo Nomura
2,
Tomoyuki Matsui
3,
Yoshikazu Azuma
3,
Machiko Hiramoto
3,
Ruo Hashimoto
3,
Tetsuya Miyazaki
3,
Maki Tanaka
1,
Yuya Watanabe
4,
Yoshihiro Kai
5 and
Toru Morihara
3
1
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, 1 Hashikami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
2
Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
3
Marutamachi Rehabilitation Clinic, Kyoto 604-8405, Japan
4
Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo 100-0005, Japan
5
Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 3895; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073895
Submission received: 2 February 2022 / Revised: 11 March 2022 / Accepted: 21 March 2022 / Published: 24 March 2022
(This article belongs to the Topic Trends and Prospects in Biomechanics)
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Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the standing trunk extension angle and medial elbow injuries. Subjects and methods: The study participants were 90 male baseball pitchers (10–12 years) belonging to youth baseball teams. Pitching elbow injuries were evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon using ultrasound scans and physical examination findings. A single optical three-dimensional motion analysis system was used for the trunk extension measurements, with three-dimensional coordinates captured. The overall, upper, and lower trunk angles were then analyzed. Results: Trunk extension angle during standing trunk extension was significantly smaller among participants who were positive for medial elbow injuries on ultrasound scans (positive: 71.4° ± 10.3°; negative: 75.7° ± 9.2°; t = 2.05, p < 0.05). The upper trunk extension angle was significantly smaller than the lower trunk extension angle among participants who were positive for medial elbow injuries on physical examination (upper: 33.0° ± 6.9°; lower: 41.2° ± 8.2°; t = −2.42, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Trunk extension angle during standing trunk extension is associated with medial elbow injuries. Evaluating the trunk extension angle as multiple segments rather than a single rigid body is valuable.
Keywords: junior baseball player; elbow injury; trunk extension; thoracic extension junior baseball player; elbow injury; trunk extension; thoracic extension

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gonno, M.; Kida, N.; Nomura, T.; Matsui, T.; Azuma, Y.; Hiramoto, M.; Hashimoto, R.; Miyazaki, T.; Tanaka, M.; Watanabe, Y.; et al. Relationship between Standing Trunk Extension Angle and Medial Elbow Injuries in Young Baseball Pitchers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 3895. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073895

AMA Style

Gonno M, Kida N, Nomura T, Matsui T, Azuma Y, Hiramoto M, Hashimoto R, Miyazaki T, Tanaka M, Watanabe Y, et al. Relationship between Standing Trunk Extension Angle and Medial Elbow Injuries in Young Baseball Pitchers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(7):3895. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073895

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gonno, Megumi, Noriyuki Kida, Teruo Nomura, Tomoyuki Matsui, Yoshikazu Azuma, Machiko Hiramoto, Ruo Hashimoto, Tetsuya Miyazaki, Maki Tanaka, Yuya Watanabe, and et al. 2022. "Relationship between Standing Trunk Extension Angle and Medial Elbow Injuries in Young Baseball Pitchers" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7: 3895. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073895

APA Style

Gonno, M., Kida, N., Nomura, T., Matsui, T., Azuma, Y., Hiramoto, M., Hashimoto, R., Miyazaki, T., Tanaka, M., Watanabe, Y., Kai, Y., & Morihara, T. (2022). Relationship between Standing Trunk Extension Angle and Medial Elbow Injuries in Young Baseball Pitchers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7), 3895. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073895

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