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Article

Relationship between Injuries and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Study with Long-Term Follow-Up in Taiwan

by
Yo-Ting Jin
1,2,3,
Miao-Ju Chwo
1,
Chin-Mi Chen
1,
Shi-Hao Huang
4,5,6,
Yao-Ching Huang
4,5,6,
Chi-Hsiang Chung
5,6,7,
Chien-An Sun
8,9,
I-Long Lin
10,
Wu-Chien Chien
5,6,7,11,* and
Gwo-Jang Wu
3,5,12
1
Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
2
Department of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing & Health Sciences, Taipei 11230, Taiwan
3
Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
4
Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 10608, Taiwan
5
Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
6
School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
7
Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
8
Big Data Research Center, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
9
Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
10
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tatung University, Taipei 104327, Taiwan
11
Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
12
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
 
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 4058; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074058
Submission received: 22 February 2022 / Revised: 25 March 2022 / Accepted: 27 March 2022 / Published: 29 March 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Children's Health)
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Abstract

Objective: To investigate the association between various injuries and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and distinguish ADHD from non-ADHD with regards to risk of various injuries among children in Taiwan. Method: Using the data from the National Health Insurance Research Database, we selected a total of 1802 subjects under the age of 18 who were diagnosed with ADHD as well as an additional 7208 subjects as a comparison group. Results: Compared with children who were not diagnosed with ADHD, children diagnosed with ADHD were more likely to intentionally injure themselves. During the school year, ADHD children were injured less frequently than were non-ADHD children on traffic-related incidents. The adjusted hazard ratio of injury for the ADHD children was 2.493 times higher than that of comparison subjects. The ADHD children had a greater length of stay and medical cost when compared to those of the non-ADHD children. Age showed a significant inverse relationship with injury. Among the ADHD children, the injury rate was evidently higher for the low-income group than for the non-low-income group. Conclusions: Age, cause of injuries, low-income household status, and school season all have a significant connection to the risk of injury for ADHD children.
Keywords: injuries; risk; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; disabilities; children injuries; risk; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; disabilities; children

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Jin, Y.-T.; Chwo, M.-J.; Chen, C.-M.; Huang, S.-H.; Huang, Y.-C.; Chung, C.-H.; Sun, C.-A.; Lin, I.-L.; Chien, W.-C.; Wu, G.-J. Relationship between Injuries and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Study with Long-Term Follow-Up in Taiwan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 4058. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074058

AMA Style

Jin Y-T, Chwo M-J, Chen C-M, Huang S-H, Huang Y-C, Chung C-H, Sun C-A, Lin I-L, Chien W-C, Wu G-J. Relationship between Injuries and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Study with Long-Term Follow-Up in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(7):4058. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074058

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jin, Yo-Ting, Miao-Ju Chwo, Chin-Mi Chen, Shi-Hao Huang, Yao-Ching Huang, Chi-Hsiang Chung, Chien-An Sun, I-Long Lin, Wu-Chien Chien, and Gwo-Jang Wu. 2022. "Relationship between Injuries and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Study with Long-Term Follow-Up in Taiwan" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7: 4058. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074058

APA Style

Jin, Y.-T., Chwo, M.-J., Chen, C.-M., Huang, S.-H., Huang, Y.-C., Chung, C.-H., Sun, C.-A., Lin, I.-L., Chien, W.-C., & Wu, G.-J. (2022). Relationship between Injuries and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Study with Long-Term Follow-Up in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7), 4058. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074058

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