Emotional Availability in Mother-Child and Father-Child Interactions as Predictors of Child’s Attachment Representations in Adoptive Families
Abstract
:1. Emotional Availability
1.1. Emotional Availability and Attachment
1.2. Attachment in Adoptive Families
1.3. Emotional Availability and Attachment in Adoptive Families
1.4. Current Study
2. Participants, Materials, and Procedures
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.3. Procedures
2.3.1. Participant Selection and Contact
2.3.2. Video Recording and Coding of Data
3. Results
3.1. Preliminary Analyses
3.2. Association between Emotional Availability and Children’s Secure Representations of Attachment
3.2.1. Correlational Analyses
3.2.2. Regression Analyses
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations
4.2. Practical Implications
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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M | SD | α | |
---|---|---|---|
CASR | 4.50 | 1.42 | 0.82 |
Children age a | 74.77 | 19.61 | - |
Age when adopted a | 21.85 | 17.60 | - |
Time elapsed since adoption a | 52.50 | 23.81 | - |
Mother | Father | Parents | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | M | SD | α | N | M | SD | α | N | M | SD | α | |
EA-parent | 26 | 22.09 | 3.14 | 0.82 | 23 | 21.38 | 3.61 | 0.83 | 49 | 21.76 | 3.35 | 0.82 |
Sensitivity | 26 | 20.21 | 4.62 | 0.86 | 23 | 20.17 | 4.46 | 0.87 | 49 | 20.19 | 4.50 | 0.86 |
Structuring | 26 | 19.69 | 4.73 | 0.79 | 23 | 18.39 | 5.75 | 0.89 | 49 | 19.08 | 5.22 | 0.85 |
Non-Intrusiveness | 26 | 22.73 | 2.93 | 0.77 | 23 | 21.04 | 3.80 | 0.74 | 49 | 21.94 | 3.44 | 0.76 |
Non-Hostility | 26 | 25.73 | 2.86 | 0.60 | 23 | 25.91 | 3.38 | 0.72 | 49 | 25.82 | 3.09 | 0.66 |
EA-child | 26 | 21.63 | 3.08 | 0.85 | 23 | 19.46 | 3.81 | 0.88 | 49 | 20.61 | 3.57 | 0.88 |
Involvement | 26 | 21.27 a | 3.16 | 0.70 | 23 | 18.91 a | 3.62 | 0.82 | 49 | 20.16 | 3.55 | 0.74 |
Responsiveness | 26 | 21.98 | 3.42 | 0.70 | 23 | 20.00 | 4.40 | 0.75 | 49 | 21.05 | 4.00 | 0.77 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. CSRA | - | 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.47 * | 0.44 * | 0.45 * |
2. EA-parent | 0.28 | - | 0.95 ** | 0.76 ** | 0.72 ** | 0.84 ** | 0.52 ** | 0.36 | 0.60 ** |
3. Sensitivity | 0.36 | 0.97 ** | - | 0.64 ** | 0.68 ** | 0.82 ** | 0.61 ** | 0.45 * | 0.68 ** |
4. Structuring | 0.11 | 0.80 ** | 0.77 ** | - | 0.24 | 0.42 * | 0.34 | 0.21 | 0.42 * |
5. Non-Intrusiveness | 0.18 | 0.73 ** | 0.66 ** | 0.28 | - | 0.64 ** | 0.32 | 0.22 | 0.38 |
6. Non-Hostility | 0.31 | 0.79 ** | 0.76 ** | 0.37 | 0.67 ** | - | 0.40 * | 0.27 | 0.46 * |
7. EA-child | 0.36 | 0.75 ** | 0.79 ** | 0.61 ** | 0.37 | 0.72 ** | - | 0.92 ** | 0.94 ** |
8. Involvement | 0.46 * | 0.67 ** | 0.72 ** | 0.48 * | 0.34 | 0.71 ** | 0.94 ** | - | 0.74 ** |
9. Responsiveness | 0.24 | 0.75 ** | 0.77 ** | 0.66 ** | 0.36 | 0.67 ** | 0.96 ** | 0.80 ** | - |
B | SE | Beta | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | |||||
F(3,45) = 14.56; p < 0.001; R = 0.70; R2 = 0.49 | |||||
Intercept | −0.715 | 1.104 | −0.648 | 0.520 | |
EA-parent | 0.094 | 0.045 | 0.221 | 2.061 | 0.045 |
Age when adopted a | −0.022 | 0.009 | −0.284 | −2.62 | 0.012 |
Child age a | 0.048 | 0.008 | 0.638 | 5.873 | 0.000 |
Model 2 | |||||
F(3,45) = 14.62; p < 0.001; R = 0.70; R2 = 0.49 | |||||
Intercept | −0.699 | 1.103 | −0.634 | 0.530 | |
EA-parent | 0.093 | 0.045 | 0.219 | 2.048 | 0.046 |
Time elapsed since adoption a | 0.023 | 0.009 | 0.374 | 2.640 | 0.011 |
Child age a | 0.026 | 0.011 | 0.339 | 2.372 | 0.022 |
Model 3 | |||||
F(3,45) = 3.53; p = 0.022; R = 0.43; R2 = 0.19 | |||||
Intercept | 0.717 | 1.491 | 0.481 | 0.633 | |
EA-child | 0.172 | 0.056 | 0.432 | 3.063 | 0.004 |
Age when adopted a | −0.010 | 0.011 | −0.130 | −0.965 | 0.339 |
Parents’ gender | 0.298 | 0.398 | 0.106 | 0.748 | 0.458 |
Model 4 | |||||
F(3,45) = 11.06; p < 0.0001; R = 0.61; R2 = 0.42 | |||||
Intercept | 0.381 | 1.227 | 0.311 | 0.757 | |
EA-child | 0.105 | 0.05 | 0.265 | 2.117 | 0.040 |
Time elapsed since adoption a | 0.032 | 0.007 | 0.527 | 4.425 | 0.000 |
Parents’ gender | 0.138 | 0.337 | 0.049 | 0.41 | 0.684 |
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Almeida, A.S.; Giger, J.-C.; Mendonça, S.; Fuertes, M.; Nunes, C. Emotional Availability in Mother-Child and Father-Child Interactions as Predictors of Child’s Attachment Representations in Adoptive Families. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 4720. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084720
Almeida AS, Giger J-C, Mendonça S, Fuertes M, Nunes C. Emotional Availability in Mother-Child and Father-Child Interactions as Predictors of Child’s Attachment Representations in Adoptive Families. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(8):4720. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084720
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlmeida, Ana Susana, Jean-Christophe Giger, Sandra Mendonça, Marina Fuertes, and Cristina Nunes. 2022. "Emotional Availability in Mother-Child and Father-Child Interactions as Predictors of Child’s Attachment Representations in Adoptive Families" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8: 4720. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084720