Health Risk of Heavy Metals Related to Consumption of Vegetables in Areas of Industrial Impact in the Republic of Kazakhstan—Case Study for Oskemen
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Methods
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zone | Distance from the Emission Centre (m) | % Clay | pH-CaCl2 | CEC Cmol (+)·kg−1 | TC % | TN % | C:N |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I * | 4500 | 3.8–6.1 ** 4.8 ± 0.9 *** | 7.23–7.33 7.28 ± 0.05 | 12.8–17.0 14.7 ± 1.7 | 2.13–3.47 2.60 ± 0.63 | 0.15–0.24 0.20 ± 0.04 | 12.0–15.1 12.9 ± 1.2 |
II | 13,000 | 4.1–5.3 4.4 ± 0.6 | 7.19–7.61 7.44 ± 0.18 | 8.1–16.5 12.8 ± 3.4 | 0.98–3.26 2.17 ± 0.91 | 0.09–0.27 0.17 ± 0.06 | 10.9–14.2 12.6 ± 1.2 |
III | 2200 | 2.9–4.1 3.9 ± 0.7 | 6.42–7.54 7.40 ± 0.34 | 12.0–25.3 16.0 ± 5.4 | 2.12–5.55; 3.18 ± 1.38 | 0.17–0.36 0.23 ± 0.08 | 11.8–15.4 13.3 ± 1.5 |
IV | 6000 | 3.9–5.1 4.5 ± 0.5 | 7.14–7.70 7.44 ± 0.26 | 10.6–18.4 14.7 ± 2.8 | 1.54–3.67 2.68 ± 0.78 | 0.12–0.26 0.20 ± 0.05 | 12.8–14.1 13.3 ± 0.6 |
Study Zones | Soil | Carrot | Tomato | Cabbage | Beetroot |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cu | |||||
I * | 98.0 bc ** | 9.54 b | 8.12 ab | 8.30 bc | 20.68 bc |
II | 79.38 c | 9.54 b | 5.34 b | 4.10 c | 16.62 c |
III | 366.2 a | 22.92 a | 16.86 a | 16.78 a | 37.90 a |
IV | 181.1 b | 20.50 a | 11.70 ab | 11.86 ab | 32.02 c |
Zn | |||||
I | 304.58 bc | 21.5 ab | 15.12 ab | 13.72 bc | 29.70 b |
II | 223.94 c | 19.34 b | 10.24 b | 9.14 c | 21.48 b |
III | 2645.13 a | 31.88 a | 25.66 a | 27 a | 49.28 a |
IV | 552.02 b | 21.92 a | 18.32 ab | 20.82 ab | 46.78 a |
Pb | |||||
I | 62.10 c | 1.18 ab | 0.72 a | 0.90 ab | 1.50 bc |
II | 58.66 d | 0.90 bc | 0.68 a | 0.54 b | 1.22 c |
III | 134.88 a | 2.66 a | 1.74 a | 1.78 a | 3.18 a |
IV | 58.66 b | 1.78 ab | 1.06 a | 1.38 ab | 2.56 ab |
Cd | |||||
I | 1.92 bc | 0.13 bc | 0.10 a | 0.09 b | 0.17 b |
II | 1.77 bc | 0.12 c | 0.05 a | 0.07 b | 0.12 b |
III | 15.2 a | 0.31 a | 0.17 a | 0.28 a | 0.46 a |
IV | 6.33 b | 0.26 ab | 0.12 a | 0.20 ab | 0.33 a |
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Boluspayeva, L.; Jakubus, M.; Spychalski, W.; Abzhalelov, A.; Bitmanov, Y. Health Risk of Heavy Metals Related to Consumption of Vegetables in Areas of Industrial Impact in the Republic of Kazakhstan—Case Study for Oskemen. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 275. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010275
Boluspayeva L, Jakubus M, Spychalski W, Abzhalelov A, Bitmanov Y. Health Risk of Heavy Metals Related to Consumption of Vegetables in Areas of Industrial Impact in the Republic of Kazakhstan—Case Study for Oskemen. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(1):275. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010275
Chicago/Turabian StyleBoluspayeva, Laura, Monika Jakubus, Waldemar Spychalski, Akhan Abzhalelov, and Yertas Bitmanov. 2023. "Health Risk of Heavy Metals Related to Consumption of Vegetables in Areas of Industrial Impact in the Republic of Kazakhstan—Case Study for Oskemen" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1: 275. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010275