Does a Kegel Exercise Program Prior to Resistance Training Reduce the Risk of Stress Urinary Incontinence?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Study Sample
2.3. Study Interventions
2.4. Study Procedure
2.5. Outcome Measures
2.6. Other Assessment
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Warm Up Reps | Sets | Deadlift (kg) | Squat (kg) | Rest Time (mins) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lead up weeks | training specific to individual’s capabilities | |||||
Week 4 | Session 1 | 10, 10 | 3 × 10 | 40 | 27.5 | 8 |
Session 2 | 25 | 22.5 | 8 | |||
Week 5 | Session 1 | 10, 10 | 3 × 10 | 45 | 20 | 8 |
Session 2 | 27.5 | 27.5 | 8 | |||
Week 6 | Session 1 | 8, 5, 5 | 3 × 8 | 50 | 22.5 | 8 |
Session 2 | 30 | 35 | 8 | |||
Week 7 | Session 1 | 8, 5, 5 | 3 × 8 | 55 | 22.5 | 8 |
Session 2 | 32.5 | 40 | 8 | |||
Week 8 | Session 1 | 6, 5, 3 | 3 × 6 | 60 | 25 | 8 |
Session 2 | 35 | 42.5 | 8 | |||
Week 9 | Session 1 | 6, 5, 3 | 3 × 6 | 65 | 25 | 8 |
Session 2 | 35 | 45 | 8 | |||
Week 10 | Session 1 | 5, 3, 2 | 3 × 5 | 70 | 27.5 | 10 |
Session 2 | 37.5 | 47.5 | 10 | |||
Week 11 | Session 1 | 5, 3, 2 | 3 × 5 | 75 | 27.5 | 10 |
Session 2 | 37.5 | 50 | 10 | |||
Week 12 | Session 1 | 5, 3, 1, 1 | 2 × 2 | 85 | 27.5 | 12 |
Session 2 | 37.5 | 60 | 12 |
Resistance Training (RT) Group (n = 9) | Kegel Exercise + Resistance Training (KE + RT) Group (n = 15) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | ES | Pre | Post | ES | |
ISI Total score | 2.89 ± 0.93 | 1.44 ± 0.73 | 1.73 * | 4.53 ± 3.31 | 1.60 ± 1.50 | 1.14 * |
- Frequency | 2.33 ± 0.71 | 1.44 ± 0.73 | 1.24 * | 2.60 ± 0.91 | 1.33 ± 0.91 | 1.34 * |
- Severity | 1.33 ± 0.50 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 0.94 * | 1.67 ± 0.72 | 1.00 ± 0.53 | 1.11 * |
PF at rest (cm H2O) | 31.17 ± 13.76 | 31.11 ± 10.24 | 0.005 | 32.71 ± 13.56 | 30.11 ± 8.03 | 0.23 |
PF_attempts (Average) | 45.10 ± 20.71 | 66.32 ± 20.36 | 1.03 * | 27.38 ± 12.00 | 38.35 ± 12.65 | 0.89 * |
MVC @80% | 18.33 ± 5.00 | 17.33 ± 5.39 | 0.19 | 14.00 ± 6.78 | 16.93 ± 5.38 | 0.48 |
BMI kg/m2 | 28.31 ± 4.64 | 28.62 ± 4.67 | 0.07 | 25.28 ± 4.88 | 25.74 ± 5.18 | 0.09 |
Fat Mass kg | 31.79 ± 11.47 | 30.20 ± 10.45 | 0.14 | 23.47 ± 8.95 | 22.23 ± 9.18 | 0.14 |
Muscle Mass kg | 43.79 ± 4.16 | 46.19 ± 3.19 | 0.65 * | 41.69 ± 3.65 | 44.00 ± 4.08 | 0.60 * |
df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | Partial ETA Squared | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
URINARY INCONTINENCE FACTORS | ||||||
UI: Frequency | Interaction | 1, 22 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 1.94 | 0.76 |
Condition | 1, 22 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.82 | 0 | |
Time effect | 1, 22 | 13.07 | 58.54 | 0.00 * | 0.73 | |
UI: Severity | Interaction | 1, 22 | 0.31 | 1.47 | 0.24 | 0.06 |
Condition | 1, 22 | 0.31 | 0.79 | 0.38 | 0.03 | |
Time effect | 1, 22 | 2.81 | 13.26 | 0.00 * | 0.38 | |
Total ISI Score (frequency*severity) | Interaction | 1, 22 | 6.24 | 3 | 0.1 | 0.12 |
Condition | 1,22 | 9.11 | 1.33 | 0.26 | 0.57 | |
Time effect | 1, 22 | 53.9 | 26.02 | 0.00 * | 0.54 | |
Average PF muscle strength | Interaction | 1, 22 | 295.89 | 2.84 | 0.11 | 0.11 |
Condition | 1, 22 | 5871.71 | 14.83 | 0.00 * | 0.4 | |
Time effect | 1, 22 | 2913.86 | 27.99 | 0.00 * | 0.56 | |
PF resting pressure | Interaction | 1, 22 | 243.54 | 4.54 | 0.04 * | 0.14 |
Condition | 1, 22 | 0.62 | 0 | 0.96 | 0 | |
Time effect | 1, 22 | 37.04 | 0.69 | 0.41 | 0.02 | |
MVC of PF at 80% | Interaction | 1, 22 | 43.51 | 2.06 | 0.17 | 0.85 |
Condition | 1, 22 | 63.01 | 1.36 | 0.26 | 0.06 | |
Time effect | 1, 22 | 10.51 | 0.5 | 0.49 | 0.02 | |
PHYSICAL HEALTH | ||||||
Weight | Interaction | 1, 22 | 0.24 | 0.1 | 0.76 | 0.01 |
Condition | 1, 22 | 1220.7 | 3.69 | 0.07 | 0.14 | |
Time effect | 1, 22 | 13.64 | 5.72 | 0.03 * | 0.21 | |
BMI | Interaction | 1, 22 | 0.02 | 0.18 | 0.68 | 0.01 |
Condition | 1, 22 | 98.35 | 2.06 | 0.17 | 0.09 | |
Time effect | 1, 22 | 1.67 | 4.73 | 0.04 * | 0.18 | |
Muscle Mass (kg) | Interaction | 1, 22 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.91 | 0 |
Condition | 1, 22 | 51.63 | 1.89 | 0.18 | 0.08 | |
Time effect | 1, 22 | 62.31 | 36.14 | 0.00 * | 0.62 | |
Fat Mass (kg) | Interaction | 1, 22 | 0.34 | 0.09 | 0.77 | 0 |
Condition | 1, 22 | 746.85 | 3.97 | 0.06 | 0.15 | |
Time effect | 1, 22 | 22.51 | 5.86 | 0.02 * | 0.21 |
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Cross, D.; Kirshbaum, M.N.; Wikander, L.; Tan, J.-Y.; Moss, S.; Gahreman, D. Does a Kegel Exercise Program Prior to Resistance Training Reduce the Risk of Stress Urinary Incontinence? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 1481. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021481
Cross D, Kirshbaum MN, Wikander L, Tan J-Y, Moss S, Gahreman D. Does a Kegel Exercise Program Prior to Resistance Training Reduce the Risk of Stress Urinary Incontinence? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(2):1481. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021481
Chicago/Turabian StyleCross, Donelle, Marilynne N. Kirshbaum, Lolita Wikander, Jing-Yu (Benjamin) Tan, Simon Moss, and Daniel Gahreman. 2023. "Does a Kegel Exercise Program Prior to Resistance Training Reduce the Risk of Stress Urinary Incontinence?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2: 1481. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021481