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Article

Risk of Herpes Zoster in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis—A Population-Based Cohort Study

by
Chih-An Wang
1,
Chia-Hung Chen
2,3,
Wen-Che Hsieh
4,
Tzu-Ju Hsu
5,
Chung-Y. Hsu
6,
Yung-Chi Cheng
2,7,*,† and
Chao-Yu Hsu
2,8,9,10,11,*,†
1
Division of Respiratory Therapy, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi 600, Taiwan
2
Department of Medical Education, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi 600, Taiwan
3
Department of Medical Imaging, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi 600, Taiwan
4
Department of Chinese Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi 600, Taiwan
5
Management Office for Health Data, Clinical Trial Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
6
Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
7
Department of Rehabilitation, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi 600, Taiwan
8
Department of Artificial Intelligence and Healthcare Management, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406, Taiwan
9
Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406, Taiwan
10
Center for General Education, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung 404, Taiwan
11
Department of General Education, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan
 
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*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2656; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032656
Submission received: 28 November 2022 / Revised: 30 January 2023 / Accepted: 31 January 2023 / Published: 1 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Global Health)
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Abstract

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), a global health problem, is typically caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Herpes zoster (HZ) is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The reactivation of VZV can be caused by stress. We investigated whether pulmonary TB increases the risk of HZ development. Methods: This study used data that sampled a population of 2 million people in 2000 from the National Health Insurance Research Database. This cohort study observed Taiwanese patients aged 20–100 years with pulmonary TB from 2000 to 2017 (tracked to 2018). Pulmonary TB was defined as having two or more outpatient diagnoses or at least one admission record. To address potential bias caused by confounding factors, the control cohort and pulmonary TB cohort were matched 1:1 by age, gender, index year, and comorbidities. Patients with HZ before the index date were excluded. Results: A total of 30,805 patients were in the pulmonary TB and control cohorts. The incidence rate of HZ in pulmonary TB and control cohorts were 12.00 and 9.66 per 1000 person-years, respectively. The risk of HZ in the pulmonary TB cohort (adjusted hazard ratios = 1.23; 95% confidence interval = 1.16–1.30) was significantly higher than that of in control cohort. Among patients without comorbidities, the patients with TB were 1.28-fold more likely to have HZ than those without TB. Conclusion: Patients with TB should be well treated to avoid the potential risk of HZ occurrence. Although we identified the association between pulmonary TB and HZ, further studies are needed to confirm the result.
Keywords: tuberculosis; herpes zoster; population-based tuberculosis; herpes zoster; population-based

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, C.-A.; Chen, C.-H.; Hsieh, W.-C.; Hsu, T.-J.; Hsu, C.-Y.; Cheng, Y.-C.; Hsu, C.-Y. Risk of Herpes Zoster in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis—A Population-Based Cohort Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2656. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032656

AMA Style

Wang C-A, Chen C-H, Hsieh W-C, Hsu T-J, Hsu C-Y, Cheng Y-C, Hsu C-Y. Risk of Herpes Zoster in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis—A Population-Based Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(3):2656. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032656

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Chih-An, Chia-Hung Chen, Wen-Che Hsieh, Tzu-Ju Hsu, Chung-Y. Hsu, Yung-Chi Cheng, and Chao-Yu Hsu. 2023. "Risk of Herpes Zoster in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis—A Population-Based Cohort Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3: 2656. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032656

APA Style

Wang, C.-A., Chen, C.-H., Hsieh, W.-C., Hsu, T.-J., Hsu, C.-Y., Cheng, Y.-C., & Hsu, C.-Y. (2023). Risk of Herpes Zoster in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis—A Population-Based Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2656. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032656

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