4.1. Multi-Input-Output Table Results
The multi-input-output table can reflect the value of various variables of different policies. The binary assignment method is adopted to assign secondary indicators of green development policies. If the content of the policy meets the evaluation criteria of secondary indicators, the value of the secondary indicator is assigned as 1; otherwise, it is 0 [
25]. For example, the formulation content of policy P
1 has supervision characteristics, so the value of X
1.1 in policy P
1 is assigned as 1. The specific value of secondary indicators of 21 green policies are shown in
Table 4.
The PMC index of green development policies can be obtained according to the values of second-level indicators of various policies. Then, the evaluation levels of 21 green development policies can be determined by referring to
Table 5. Based on the multi-input-output table (see
Table 4) and policy evaluation grade standard (see
Table 5), the PMC index of 21 green development policies are summarized and ranked, which can provide support for quantitative analysis of green development policies at different grade (see
Table 6).
It can be seen from
Table 6, the average PMC index of 21 green development policies is 6.59, which is a good grade on the whole, and the average values of each first-level indicator are 0.62, 0.65, 0.48, 0.70, 0.83, 0.50, 0.56, 0.70, and 0.56, respectively. Among 21 green development policies, the PMC index values of sixteen green development policies are greater than six. In addition, among twenty-one green development policies, there is one perfect grade policy, eight excellent grade policies, ten good grade policies, and two bad grade policies. The policies grade as excellent and good account for 90.5% and the PMC value of most of the twenty-one policies are higher than the average PMC value of the twenty-one policies. This shows that the twenty-one green development policies issued by Chinese government are relatively comprehensive, scientific, and systematic. Among them, the value of the PMC index of policy P
1 is the highest, and the value is 9.17. Policy P
1 is Opinions on Promoting Agricultural Green Development by Innovating Institutions and Mechanisms Promulgated by the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and The General Office of the State Council. Except for the policy timeliness (X
3), the values of other eight first-level indicators in policy P
1 are higher than the values of first-level indicators in the other twenty green development policies. The lowest PMC index value is P
7, and the value is 4.58, referring
Table 5, the grade of P
7 is bad. P
7 is the Notice on Promoting Financial Support for County Industrial Green Development issued by the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Information Technology, and the Agricultural Bank of China. Most of the first-level indicators of policy P
7 are lower than the average of the first-level indicators of twenty-one green development policies, so the content of policy P
7 needs to be optimized and adjusted. It can be found from
Table 6 that, among the nine first-level variables of twenty-one green development policies, the value of X
5(social benefit) is highest, and the value of X
5 is 0.83. It can be seen from
Table 6 that the PMC index values of twenty-one green development policies differ greatly. The policy with the lowest PMC index value is P
7 (4.58), and the policy with the highest PMC index value is P
1 (9.17). The PMC index value of P
1 is 4.59 higher than that of P
7 policy. In addition, it can be found from
Table 6 that the first-level index values of twenty-one green development policies also differ greatly. The mean value of X
10 is 1 and the mean value of X
3 is 0.48, which indicate Chinese government needs to improve timeliness of green development policies in future.
It can be seen from
Table 6 that the quality of green development policies issued by the Chinese government is good, which indicates the Chinese government is qualified in policy formulation to promote green development, but the actual effect of green development policy in promoting green development needs to be further analyzed.
4.2. Quantitative Evaluation of Green Development Policies
This study selected four green development policies with different grades for specific analysis. According to the classification of policy evaluation grade in
Table 5 and considering the representativeness of policy and the differences reflected in the policy issued by different subjects, four policies are selected from perfect grade, excellent grade, good grade, and bad grade, respectively as the sample to analyze. In this study, P
1 (perfect grade), P
3 (excellent grade), P
17 (good grade), and P
14 (bad grade) are selected and the PMC surface maps of four policies are drawn by using Matlab software to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of four green development policies (see
Figure 2,
Figure 3,
Figure 4 and
Figure 5).
In
Figure 2,
Figure 3,
Figure 4 and
Figure 5, the convex part (red) on the surface indicates the corresponding index of the policy has a higher value, whereas the concave part (blue) indicates the corresponding index of the policy has a lower value. According to the values of the first-order variable of four policies (see
Table 6), the PMC index value of each policy and the three-dimensional PMC curved graph, the differences, advantages, and disadvantages of each policy can be analyzed more scientifically and systematically. So as to provide inspiration for the improvement of China’s green development policy in the future. The following are the evaluation results of P
1, P
3, P
17, and P
14.
The value of the PMC index of P
1 is 9.17, and the evaluation grade is perfect, it ranks first among twenty-one green development policies. Policy P
1 is “Opinions on Promoting Green Agricultural Development by Innovating Institutions and Mechanisms” issued by the General Offices of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. The purpose of policy P
1 is to promote the green development of China’s agriculture by adhering to institutional innovation, policy innovation, technological innovation, and the supply side structural reform of agriculture. It can be seen from
Table 6 and
Figure 2, there is no obvious depression in
Figure 2, indicating the internal consistency level of P
1 is relatively high and there are no weak fields of P
1. In addition to indicator X
10, the values of the other nine first-level indicators of P
1 are higher than the average values of the first-level indicators of the twenty-one green development policies, and only the values of policy prescription (X
3) and policy subject variable (X
6) are 0.67 and 0.5, indicating that P
1 has deficiencies in policy timeliness and policy subject. In addition to the index of X
3 and the index of X
6 in policy P
1, the values of the other eight first-level index are one, which indicate P
1 is a comprehensive policy.
Policy P
3 is assessed as an excellent grade, the value of the PMC index of P
3 is 7.33 and the rank fourth among twenty-one green development policies. P
3 is “Notice on Special Management Measures for Investment from the Central Budget in Major Regional Development Strategy Construction (Green Development Direction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt)” issued by the National Development and Reform Commission. In the index of P
3, the social benefit indicator (X
5) and policy object indicator (X
8) are first-order variables, and the values of X5 and X8 are the highest. The minimum value of X
7 (policy incentive) is 0.33, which is not only the lowest among the 10 first-level indicators in P
3 but also the lowest among all first-level indicators of twenty-one green development policies. This is because the theme of the P
3 is investment management for the green development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, focusing on the central budget investment projects in key regions and making specific provisions on financial subsidies. However, as P
3 is highly targeted and related to the central government’s investment in green development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, while policy P
3 does not involve tax incentives and talent support. It can be seen from
Figure 3, the red part protrudes mostly and the curved surface fluctuates little, indicating that P
3 is good in coordination.
The value PMC index of P
17 is 6.08, and the evaluation grade is good, ranking fourteenth among twenty-one green development policies. P
17 is “The Notice of “Administrative Measures for the Construction of the Pilot Support System for the Green Development of Agriculture” issued by the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. The task of P
17 is to effectively strengthen the construction of the national agricultural green development pilot zone, and it performs well in the aspect of social benefits (X
5). P
17 is issued from the aspect of environmental and economic benefits, which is conducive to implementing the green development concepts to some extent. However, the values of X
1, X
3, and X
7 of the first-level index of P
17 are 0.33, and the value of X
2 is 0.5, indicating P
17 is weak in the aspects of policy nature (X
1), policy function (X
2), policy timeliness (X
3) and policy incentive (X
7). The surrounding area of
Figure 4 is concave to varying degrees, which indicates the internal consistency level of P
17 needs to be improved. It is necessary to consider how to promote the green development of agriculture through overall coordination and local optimization in the future.
The grade of P
14 is evaluated as bad, and its value of the PMC index is 4.83, much lower than the average value of the PMC index of twenty-one green development policies. P
14 is the “Work Program of Agricultural Mechanization to Promote Agricultural Green Development” issued by the Ministry of Agriculture. P
14 aims to play a central role in agricultural mechanization technology and equipment to promote the green development of agriculture. P
14 not only has deficiencies in policy nature (X
1), and policy timeliness (X
3), but also needs to improve in policy incentive (X
7), policy object (X
8), and implementation guarantee (X
9). It can be seen from
Figure 5, the convex and convex difference of
Figure 5 is large, indicating that the internal consistency level of P
14 is low. This may be related to the policy nature and the focus of P
14, so the contents of P
14 need to be adjusted in the future.
This part only selects four green development policies (P1, P3, P14, P17) and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these four policies by PMC curved graph. In the future, it is necessary to carry out a specific analysis of the remaining policies by using a PMC curve graph.