An Exploration of People Living with Parkinson’s Experience of Cardio-Drumming; Parkinson’s Beats: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Parkinson’s Beats
2. Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Theme 1. Physical Impact
“I am just buzzing after attending the class, like I am ready to take on anything”
“I feel energised, and it lasts the rest of the day”
“Done some exercise, love the music, love instructor. It’s a happy class. You feel you’ve achieved something as well”
“Yes, I’m like that—I can reach cupboard shelves that I couldn’t reach before”
“When I first started doing this—I have a lot of pain with my PD [Parkinson’s disease], I have arthritis and I have a lot of issues. I struggle to get up and down the stairs. So I used to get the lift up to my class and the lift down. So about the fourth session I came out of the class and I was chatting away to people and I was at the bottom of the stairs before I realised I had walked down the stairs and I hadn’t felt any pain. And it’s just the exhilaration of the drumming that had done that”
“I am not sure if it is because of the drumming, but I have notice my hand writing has improved recently, and my medication has not changed”
“On drumming days I’m a lot more [chilled] because I don’t have the pain and the stiffness”
“I would say, if you want to feel good, and not to feel like you do first thing in the morning, when you need to stretch and it takes half an hour or an hour to get yourself sorted, come to a drumming class. The simple action of using your arms and your hand/eye coordination. It really lifts you body and mind”
3.2. Theme 2. Emotional Impact
“Upbeat—you do feel good. You feel up rather than down”.
“Parkinson’s Beats exercise drumming makes me happy!”
“Actually doing it, I forget about the Parkinson’s”; and “I forget about Parkinson’s for the rest of that day”.
“It’s amazingly relaxing, the whole thing; and you’re concentrating on something other than your tremor. You’re concentrating on the drumming and forget about your tremor”
“I just love it—it’s a selfish thing for me, I love to see people enjoying themselves—it gives so much back to me”
“This is fun—if you can find something you can enjoy then you’re more likely to keep it up. She [the instructor] makes it fun, she really does”
“Just enjoy what you can do. Every day is different. Some days you can’t do a lot”
“You don’t have to—that’s the beauty of drumming, you are a free spirit, you do what you like. The more you do it, the better you get as well”.
3.3. Theme 3. Impact on Cognitive Function
“I like the more complex [music] tracks” and “There’s more for you to do, it’s more entertaining, you feel more positive at the end of it”
“You’re pushing yourself more as well because some of the more complex movements at more difficult to achieve”
“You have to concentrate so much, and quite a lot of effort put into it”.
“Pleased with myself, I’ve accomplished the session” and “Maybe smug would be a better word than content”.
“That’s really important that people don’t feel that they have to achieve a standard. Cos there is no standard”
“It just makes me so cross that I can’t do it as well as I would like to”
3.4. Theme 4. Social Impact
“Trying to finish at the same time as everyone else” and “Being in tune with others is a great feeling”
“The feeling when you’re all banging at the same time is great”.
“Participants were clear that “Doing it [drumming] on your own wouldn’t be the same”.
3.5. Theme 5. Additional Benefits
“It’s more like dancing for me—there’s movement in it, and I tend to try to make it into a dance anyway”
3.6. Theme 6. Barriers to Participation in Parkinson’s Beats
4. Discussion
Limitations and Strengths
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Collaborator Group. Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990–2015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Neurol. 2017, 16, 877–897. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ou, Z.; Pan, J.; Tang, S.; Duan, D.; Yu, D.; Nong, H.; Wang, Z. Global Trends in the Incidence, Prevalence, and Years Lived With Disability of Parkinson’s Disease in 204 Countries/Territories From 1990 to 2019. Front. Public Health. 2021, 7, 776847. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhao, A.; Cui, E.; Leroux, A.; Lindquist, M.A.; Crainiceanu, C.M. Evaluating the prediction performance of objective physical activity measures for incident Parkinson’s disease in the UK Biobank. J. Neurol. 2023, 270, 5913–5923. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bloem, B.R.; Okun, M.S.; Klein, C. Parkinson’s disease. Lancet 2021, 397, 2284–2303. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kalia, L.V.; Lang, A.E. Parkinson’s disease. Lancet 2015, 29, 896–912. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chaudhuri, K.R.; Naidu, Y. Early Parkinson’s disease and non-motor issues. J. Neurol. 2008, 255 (Suppl. S5), 33–38. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Poewe, W.; Mahlknecht, P. The clinical progression of Parkinson’s disease. Park. Relat. Disord. 2009, 15 (Suppl. S4), S28–S32. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ferrazzoli, D.; Ortelli, P.; Zivi, I.; Cian, V.; Urso, E.; Ghilardi, M.F.; Maestri, R.; Frazzitta, G. Efficacy of intensive multidisciplinary rehabilitation in Parkinson’s disease: A randomised controlled study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2018, 89, 828–835. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hechtner, M.C.; Vogt, T.; Zöllner, Y.; Schröder, S.; Sauer, J.B.; Binder, H.; Singer, S.; Mikolajczyk, R. Quality of life in Parkinson’s disease patients with motor fluctuations and dyskinesias in five European countries. Park. Relat. Disord. 2014, 20, 969–974. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chen, H.; Zhang, S.M.; Schwarzschild, M.A.; Hernán, M.A.; Ascherio, A. Physical activity and the risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology 2005, 22, 664–669. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hirsch, M.A.; Iyer, S.S.; Sanjak, M. Exercise-induced neuroplasticity in human Parkinson’s disease: What is the evidence telling us? Park. Relat. Disord. 2016, 22 (Suppl. S1), S78–S81. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Johansson, M.E.; Cameron, I.G.M.; Van der Kolk, N.M.; de Vries, N.M.; Klimars, E.; Toni, I.; Bloem, B.R.; Helmich, R.C. Aerobic Exercise Alters Brain Function and Structure in Parkinson’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann. Neurol. 2022, 91, 203–216. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yitayeh, A.; Teshome, A. The effectiveness of physiotherapy treatment on balance dysfunction and postural instability in persons with Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabil. 2016, 8, 17. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Paolucci, T.; Sbardella, S.; La Russa, C.; Agostini, F.; Mangone, M.; Tramontana, L.; Bernetti, A.; Paoloni, M.; Pezzi, L.; Bellomo, R.G.; et al. Evidence of Rehabilitative Impact of Progressive Resistance Training (PRT) Programs in Parkinson Disease: An Umbrella Review. Park. Dis. 2020, 2020, 9748091. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- de Almeida, F.O.; Santana, V.; Corcos, D.M.; Ugrinowitsch, C.; Silva-Batista, C. Effects of Endurance Training on Motor Signs of Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2022, 52, 1789–1815. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gamborg, M.; Hvid, L.G.; Dalgas, U.; Langeskov-Christensen, M. Parkinson’s disease and intensive exercise therapy—An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Neurol. Scand. 2022, 145, 504–528. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cusso, M.E.; Donald, K.J.; Khoo, T.K. The Impact of Physical Activity on Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review. Front. Med. 2016, 3, 35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ramazzina, I.; Bernazzoli, B.; Costantino, C. Systematic review on strength training in Parkinson’s disease: An unsolved question. Clin. Interv. Aging 2017, 31, 619–628. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, P.L.; Lee, M.; Huang, T.T. Effectiveness of physical activity on patients with depression and Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review. PLoS ONE 2017, 12, e0181515. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- da Silva, F.C.; Iop, R.D.R.; de Oliveira, L.C.; Boll, A.M.; de Alvarenga, J.G.S.; Gutierres Filho, P.J.B.; de Melo, L.M.A.B.; Xavier, A.J.; da Silva, R. Effects of physical exercise programs on cognitive function in Parkinson’s disease patients: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of the last 10 years. PLoS ONE 2018, 13, e0193113. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, K.; Tan, Y.; Lu, Y.; Wu, J.; Liu, X.; Zhao, Y. Effect of Exercise on Quality of Life in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Park. Dis. 2020, 2020, 3257623. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cristini, J.; Weiss, M.; De Las Heras, B.; Medina-Rincón, A.; Dagher, A.; Postuma, R.B.; Huber, R.; Doyon, J.; Rosa-Neto, P.; Carrier, J.; et al. The effects of exercise on sleep quality in persons with Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Sleep Med. Rev. 2021, 55, 101384. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Radder, D.L.M.; Lígia Silva de Lima, A.; Domingos, J.; Keus, S.H.J.; van Nimwegen, M.; Bloem, B.R.; de Vries, N.M. Physiotherapy in Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Present Treatment Modalities. Neurorehabilit. Neural Repair 2020, 34, 871–880. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- De La Rue, S.E.; Draper, S.B.; Potter, C.R.; Smith, M.S. Energy expenditure in rock/pop drumming. Int. J. Sports Med. 2013, 34, 868–872. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Stern, C. Break it down! Viral Video Shows Senior Citizens in a D‘Rum Fitness Class’ Banging on Exercise Balls to the Beat of Bruno Mars’ Uptown Funk. Daily Mail Newspaper. 2021. Available online: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-9216551/Viral-video-shows-seniors-nursing-home-drumming-exercise-balls-tune-Uptown-Funk.html (accessed on 5 April 2023).
- Roy, M.; Devroop, K.; Bohn, A. The Positive Impact of African Drumming on Elderly Participants’ Mood and Demeanour. Muziki 2019, 16, 113–125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Thaut, M.H.; McIntosh, G.C.; Hoemberg, V. Neurobiological foundations of neurologic music therapy: Rhythmic entrainment and the motor system. Front. Psychol. 2015, 5, 1185. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Schaffert, N.; Janzen, T.B.; Mattes, K.; Thaut, M.H. A Review on the Relationship Between Sound and Movement in Sports and Rehabilitation. Front. Psychol. 2019, 10, 244. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- de Dreu, M.J.; van der Wilk, A.S.; Poppe, E.; Kwakkel, G.; van Wegen, E.E. Rehabilitation, exercise therapy and music in patients with Parkinson’s disease: A meta-analysis of the effects of music-based movement therapy on walking ability, balance and quality of life. Park. Relat. Disord. 2012, 18 (Suppl. S1), S114–S119. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fancourt, D.; Perkins, R.; Ascenso, S.; Carvalho, L.A.; Steptoe, A.; Williamon, A. Effects of Group Drumming Interventions on Anxiety, Depression, Social Resilience and Inflammatory Immune Response among Mental Health Service Users. PLoS ONE 2016, 11, e0151136. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ascenso, S.; Perkins, R.; Atkins, L.; Fancourt, D.; Williamon, A. Promoting well-being through group drumming with mental health service users and their carers. Int. J. Qual. Stud. Health Well-Being 2018, 13, 1484219. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pantelyat, A.; Syres, C.; Reichwein, S.; Willis, A. DRUM-PD: The use of a drum circle to improve the symptoms and signs of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract. 2016, 3, 243–249. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sundler, A.J.; Lindberg, E.; Nilsson, C.; Palmér, L. Qualitative thematic analysis based on descriptive phenomenology. Nurs. Open 2019, 6, 733–739. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Spencer, L.; Ritchie, J.; Lewis, J.; Dillon, L. Quality in Qualitative Evaluation: A Framework for Assessing Research Evidence. 2003. Available online: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a8179c1ed915d74e33fe69e/Quality-in-qualitative-evaulation_tcm6-38739.pdf (accessed on 5 April 2023).
- Ritchie, J.; Lewis, J.; Nicholls, C.M.; Ormston, R. (Eds.) Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers; Sage: Thousand Oaks, CA, USA, 2013. [Google Scholar]
- Gale, N.K.; Heath, G.; Cameron, E.; Rashid, S.; Redwood, S. Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research. BMC Med. Res. Methodol. 2013, 13, 117. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Osborne, J.A.; Botkin, R.; Colon-Semenza, C.; DeAngelis, T.R.; Gallardo, O.G.; Kosakowski, H.; Martello, J.; Pradhan, S.; Rafferty, M.; Readinger, J.L.; et al. Physical Therapist Management of Parkinson Disease: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American Physical Therapy Association. Phys. Ther. 2022, 102, pzab302, Erratum in Phys. Ther. 2022, 102, pzac098. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Broeder, S.; Nackaerts, E.; Nieuwboer, A.; Smits-Engelsman, B.C.; Swinnen, S.P.; Heremans, E. The effects of dual tasking on handwriting in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Neuroscience 2014, 263, 193–202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rochester, L.; Galna, B.; Lord, S.; Burn, D. The nature of dual-task interference during gait in incident Parkinson’s disease. Neuroscience 2014, 265, 83–94. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Domingos, J.; Keus, S.H.J.; Dean, J.; de Vries, N.M.; Ferreira, J.J.; Bloem, B.R. The European Physiotherapy Guideline for Parkinson’s Disease: Implications for Neurologists. J. Park. Dis. 2018, 8, 499–502. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- De Freitas, T.B.; Leite, P.H.W.; Doná, F.; Pompeu, J.E.; Swarowsky, A.; Torriani-Pasin, C. The effects of dual task gait and balance training in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review. Physiother. Theory Pract. 2020, 36, 1088–1096. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Csikszentmihalyi, M. Beyond Boredom and Anxiety; Jossey-Bass: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2000. [Google Scholar]
- Csíkszentmihályi, M.; Csíkszentmihályi, I.S. (Eds.) Optimal Experience: Psychological Studies of Flow in Consciousness; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 1988; pp. 15–35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tanaka, M.; Komura, F.; Hanai, A.; Tsuboyama, T.; Arai, H. Effects of Japanese drum exercise on depression and physical function in community-dwelling older women. J. Clin. Gerontol. Geriatr. 2016, 7, 158–163. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rappaport, J. Terms of empowerment/exemplars of prevention: Toward a theory for community psychology. Am. J. Community Psychol. 1987, 15, 121–148. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Funnell, M.M.; Anderson, R.M.; Arnold, M.S.; Barr, P.A.; Donnelly, M.; Johnson, P.D.; Taylor-Moon, D.; White, N.H. Empowerment: An idea whose time has come in diabetes education. Diabetes Educ. 1991, 17, 37–41. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rawlett, K.E. Journey from self-efficacy to empowerment. Health Care 2014, 2, 1–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Williams, A.; Jones, J. Supporting the Journey to Empowerment for People with Parkinson’s through the Person-Centred Lens of Those Living with Parkinson’s. Edinburgh Parkinson’s. 2023. Available online: https://www.edinburghparkinsons.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Williams-and-Jones-article.pdf (accessed on 5 April 2023).
- Degé, F.; Kerkovius, K. The effects of drumming on working memory in older adults. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2018, 1423, 242–250. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Guest, G.; Bunce, A.; Johnson, L. How Many Interviews Are Enough?: An Experiment with Data Saturation and Variability. Field Methods 2006, 18, 59–82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Themes | Subthemes with Representative Quotes |
---|---|
|
“I feel energised, and it lasts the rest of the day”
“When I first started doing this—I have a lot of pain with my PD [Parkinson’s disease], I have arthritis and I have a lot of issues. I struggle to get up and down the stairs. So I used to get the lift up to my class and the lift down. So about the fourth session I came out of the class and I was chatting away to people and I was at the bottom of the stairs before I realised I had walked down the stairs and I hadn’t felt any pain. And it’s just the exhilaration of the drumming that had done that”
“On drumming days I’m a lot more [chilled] because I don’t have the pain and the stiffness” “I would say the simple action of using your arms and your hand/eye coordination. It really lifts you body and mind” |
|
Attending Parkinson’s Beats also served as a distraction for many, allowing them to forget about their Parkinson’s for a period of time: “Actually doing it, I forget about the Parkinson’s”; and “I forget about Parkinson’s for the rest of that day”. “It’s amazingly relaxing, the whole thing; and you’re concentrating on something other than your tremor. You’re concentrating on the drumming and forget about your tremor”
“This is fun—if you can find something you can enjoy then you’re more likely to keep it up. She [the instructor] makes it fun, she really does”
“You don’t have to—that’s the beauty of drumming, you are a free spirit, you do what you like. The more you do it, the better you get as well”. |
|
“You’re pushing yourself more as well because some of the more complex movements at more difficult to achieve” “You have to concentrate so much, and quite a lot of effort put into it”.
“It just makes me so cross that I can’t do it as well as I would like to” |
|
“Being in tune with others is a great feeling” Participants were clear that “Doing it [drumming] on your own wouldn’t be the same” |
|
“It’s funny—I do listen to music in a different way now. I’m thinking: How would I move/beat to that music? you know, when you’re in the car, and you bang the steering wheel …”
“I like being able to lose all of my frustrations” “Just start making your own noise. Fun. Lash out” |
|
|
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Irons, J.Y.; Williams, A.; Holland, J.; Jones, J. An Exploration of People Living with Parkinson’s Experience of Cardio-Drumming; Parkinson’s Beats: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 514. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21040514
Irons JY, Williams A, Holland J, Jones J. An Exploration of People Living with Parkinson’s Experience of Cardio-Drumming; Parkinson’s Beats: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(4):514. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21040514
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrons, J. Yoon, Alison Williams, Jo Holland, and Julie Jones. 2024. "An Exploration of People Living with Parkinson’s Experience of Cardio-Drumming; Parkinson’s Beats: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 4: 514. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21040514