Impact of a Nyakaza Move-for-Health Intervention Programme among Adolescents in a Resource-Constrained South African Community
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Data Collection Procedure
2.3. Intervention Programme Components and Procedure
2.3.1. Social Marketing Campaign (Component 1)
2.3.2. Afterschool PA Session (Component 2)
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Change Objective (Outcomes) | Performance Objectives | Method | Practical Application |
---|---|---|---|
| Identify the importance and benefits of PA. | Social marketing: conscious-raising messages | Expose participants to the social marketing campaign infographics about the benefits of PA. |
| Identify personal risks of physical inactivity. | Social marketing: conscious-raising messages | Expose participants to the social marketing campaign messages about the dangers of a sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity. |
| Feel confident about one’s capabilities to exercise. | Persuasive communication Empowerment | Facilitators provide positive feedback. Facilitators allow for mastery of experience (exercises). |
| 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day. Meet body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness test norms. | Physical activity intervention programme | Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity intervention programme for 12 weeks for at-risk adolescents. |
Groups | N (%) | Gender | N (%) per Group | Age Range Mean (SD) 15.4 (±0.89) | N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control Group (CG) | 36 (38%) | Girls | 41 (44%) CG 16 (44%) TG | 13–14 Years | 14 (15%) |
Treatment Group (TG) | 58 (62%) | Boys | 53 (56%) CG 20 (56%) TG | 15–16 Years | 49 (52%) |
17 Years | 23 (24%) |
Measurement | Groups | Baseline | Endline | Test Effects | F | p Value | Partial Eta Squared |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||||
Physical Activity | TG | 2.2 (0.4) | 2.6 (0.4) | ||||
CG | 2.2 (0.4) | 2.2 (0.5) | |||||
Baseline PA | 24.755 | <0.001 | 0.239 | ||||
Intervention | 7.520 | 0.008 | 0.087 | ||||
Age * Intervention | 7.520 | 0.008 | 0.039 | ||||
Int. * Gender | 2.276 | 0.135 | 0.002 | ||||
Body Mass Index (BMI) | TG | 22.4 (4.6) | 21.9 (4.2) | ||||
CG | 21.1 (3.3) | 21.0 (2.6) | |||||
Baseline BMI | 177.930 | <0.001 | 0.693 | ||||
Age | 5.276 | 0.002 | 0.167 | ||||
Gender | 0.370 | 0.545 | 0.005 | ||||
Intervention | 2.059 | 0.025 | 0.025 | ||||
Waist-to-Hip Ratio | TG | 0.80 (0.10) | 0.76 (0.9) | ||||
CG | 0.81 (0.09) | 0.82(0.07) | |||||
Baseline WHR | 98.939 | <0.001 | 0.556 | ||||
Age | 5.116 | <0.003 | 0.163 | ||||
Gender | 12.773 | <0.001 | 0.139 | ||||
Intervention | 38.458 | <0.001 | 0.327 | ||||
Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2 max) | TG | 42.4 (8.7) | 43.6 (7.7) | ||||
CG | 41.3 (6.8) | 40.9 (5.9) | |||||
Baseline VO2 max | 51.777 | <0.001 | 0.396 | ||||
Age | 0.461 | 0.711 | 0.017 | ||||
Gender | 0.180 | 0.672 | 0.002 | ||||
Intervention | 2.736 | 0.102 | 0.033 |
Key Themes | Subthemes | Verbatim Quotes |
---|---|---|
| Importance and benefits of PA | Participant 4: “Before the Nyakaza campaign, I didn’t realise how dangerous sitting around all the time could be. The posters and messages made me think twice about being inactive.” |
Participant 17: “Knowing about the benefits” “messages on the exercise book covers changed how I perceive exercise” | ||
Participant 12: “Socialising with other people was another key benefit of programme,” | ||
Participant 9: “When you don’t exercise, you are always at home, and you easily become involved in substance abuse and social ills because there is no extramural activity that you do.” | ||
| Personal risks of physical inactivity | Participant 4: “The campaign opened my eyes to the risks of just sitting at my desk or on the couch all day. Now, I try to move more, even if it’s just a little bit every day.” |
Participant 3: “The messages on the t-shirts were like a wake-up call. I never thought sitting too much could harm me, but now I see the risks. It’s a motivation to keep moving.” | ||
Participant 11: “The Nyakaza campaign didn’t just talk about exercise; it showed us the real dangers of doing nothing. Now I’m more aware, and I want to be active to stay healthy.” | ||
| Confident about one’s capabilities to exercise | Participant 23: “in the beginning, we used to think that we would develop large calf muscles, which we thought would be unattractive in women, but as we learnt more about physical activity, we can now see that this is a fallacy and our body image is actually improved.” |
Participant 18: “We were raised with a perception that a woman who is fit and well defined is not pleasing to look at” and “some of us fear to exercise because we will lose weight which is taken as unattractive in our society, but now I understand that I can exercise and still look like a women” | ||
Participant 4: “I never thought I could enjoy exercising every day, but this program made it fun. Now, I look forward to it!” | ||
Participant 3: “Being consistent with daily exercise wasn’t easy at first, but now I feel like it’s a part of who I am. I have more confidence in my abilities.” | ||
| Extrinsic motivators: | |
| Participant 3: “The watches played a huge role because of the readings or fitness markers it gave, and the messages on the activity diaries encouraged us to exercise.” | |
Intrinsic motivators: | Participant 17: “My grandmother would actually tell me when it was time for the programme.” | |
| Participant 11: “Music was the best component because it made us not pay attention to the fact that we were exercising.” |
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Zimu, P.M.; van Heerden, H.J.; Grace, J.M. Impact of a Nyakaza Move-for-Health Intervention Programme among Adolescents in a Resource-Constrained South African Community. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060717
Zimu PM, van Heerden HJ, Grace JM. Impact of a Nyakaza Move-for-Health Intervention Programme among Adolescents in a Resource-Constrained South African Community. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(6):717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060717
Chicago/Turabian StyleZimu, Patrick Mkhanyiseli, Hendrik Johannes van Heerden, and Jeanne Martin Grace. 2024. "Impact of a Nyakaza Move-for-Health Intervention Programme among Adolescents in a Resource-Constrained South African Community" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 6: 717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060717