Biocrude Production from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Chlorella: Thermodynamic Modelling and Reactor Design
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Process Design
2.1. Materials
2.2. Process Flow Sheet
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effect of Moisture Content
3.2. Effect of Pressure
3.3. Effect of Temperature
3.4. Determination of the Reactor Diameter
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Moisture Content (wt%) | Proximate Analysis (wt%) | Ultimate Analysis (wt%) | HHV 2/MJ·kg−1 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volatile | Fixed Carbon | Ash | C | H | O 1 | N | S | ||
80 | 72.9 | 18.4 | 8.7 | 47.4 | 6.5 | 27.8 | 8.8 | 0.8 | 20.47 |
Moisture Content (wt%) | Elemental Analysis (wt%) | Biochemical Analysis (wt%) | Temperature (°C) | Biocrude Yield (wt%) | Reference | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | H | O | N | S | Lipid | Protein | Carbohydrate | Ash | ||||
80 | 48.5 | 7.0 | 35.0 | 8.5 | 0.2 | 18.7 | 54.0 | 24.3 | 3.0 | 300–350 | 45–48 | [27] |
95 | 53.62 | 8.10 | 35.08 | 2.59 | 0.61 | 36.58 | 22.17 | 36.12 | 5.13 | 250–300 | 48.2–50.6 | [28] |
85 | 46.44 | 7.24 | 24.23 | 8.75 | - | 6.22 | 53.8 | 19.79 | 13.1 | 270–350 | 26–31 | [29] |
90.9 | - | - | - | - | - | 10.7 | 44.62 | 42.88 | 2.50 | 250–330 | 27–32 | [30] |
75–85 | 60.5 | 9.1 | 21.8 | 1.9 | 59.9 | 9.3 | 25.9 | 4.9 | 260–300 | 61.2–63.4 | [31] |
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Qian, L.; Ni, J.; Xu, Z.; Yu, B.; Wang, S.; Gu, H.; Xiang, D. Biocrude Production from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Chlorella: Thermodynamic Modelling and Reactor Design. Energies 2021, 14, 6602. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206602
Qian L, Ni J, Xu Z, Yu B, Wang S, Gu H, Xiang D. Biocrude Production from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Chlorella: Thermodynamic Modelling and Reactor Design. Energies. 2021; 14(20):6602. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206602
Chicago/Turabian StyleQian, Lili, Jun Ni, Zhiyang Xu, Bin Yu, Shuang Wang, Heng Gu, and Dong Xiang. 2021. "Biocrude Production from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Chlorella: Thermodynamic Modelling and Reactor Design" Energies 14, no. 20: 6602. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206602