The most widely used alternative energy sources are wind and solar. Wind power is being regarded as the main source of renewable power generating capacity in Europe, the United States, and China in 2019, as per the ‘reports of Renewables Global Status (REN21) (2020)’. A total of 60 GW of renewable wind power capacity was installed globally, bringing the total to 651 GW. Many companies and private corporations are switching to this type of power source because of its reliability with lower operating costs. Besides that, several major investors are drawn to it because of the consistent profits it generates [
1]. In markets such as Japan, India, China, and the USA, solar PV was the main producer of renewable energy power in 2019. Approximately 115 GW of solar PV capacity went into service internationally (on/off-grid), nearly doubling the current total capacity of 627 GW [
2]. Multi-electrical power production sources are referred to as a hybrid energy system (HES). It is a device that incorporates various renewable energy sources, either alone or in combination with traditional energy sources, including diesel generators (DG). Such sources have various loads that are attached to components of storage to remunerate for the discontinuous renewable energy sources’ nature and increase total energy quality [
3]. The biggest advantage of the hybrid energy system network is that it is self-adequate in a variety of climates and it does not depend on one source. HES is operated independently as a micro-grid or integrated into the electrical grid. Numerous strategies of management for a separate HES mode have been suggested in [
4], and the authors examined three HES strategies of management in a faraway region with PV/wind/PEM-FC. Wind and PV have been used as original sources, while PEM-FC was used as a backup or secondary source. The system aimed to thicken the FC membrane and guarantee that energy was delivered from the sources to the load. A two-level controller was suggested in [
5] to increase the power equilibrium, reliability of the system, and solve the limitations of traditional methods in HES energy management (PV, FC, and battery storage). A connected controller of MPPT-droop dual-configuration is implemented at the operational level, while a corresponding economic independence technique for shared system total power between the FC the battery pack is employed at the network level. A system of Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) within the system of energy control has been proposed in [
6] for a PV/hydro/WT/FC/battery hybrid energy system to decrease peak demand and eliminate system expense. The used FLC system has employed a program logic control system. In [
7], two innovative power management techniques according to the optimization of mine blast for FC, SC, and battery hybrid systems and dependent on the slap swarm algorithm (SSA) are suggested, considering the response of demand and the management mode’s storage of hydrogen system to satisfy the load demand. The proposed solutions were compared to current approaches, such as maximization of external energy [
8], Fuzzy logic control [
9,
10], the state machine, and classical proportional-integral control using the consumption of hydrogen fuel and performance key points. In contrast, a consumer-side power control system for combining with the estimating scheme has been introduced in [
11] for HES linked to the electric grid [
12,
13]. The system of pre-processed metering was incorporated in this design, along with a control mechanism that worked based on the consumer’s preferences. On a monthly timescale, this model helped to restrict the consumption of renewable energies. The researchers of [
14] suggested a system of PV coupled with the electrical network for supplying a load of DC by that kind of electric grid but without splitting any excess power which can be pumped into the electricity network with a significant effect. The battery voltage was regulated using signals that indicated the charging process or if the battery was being discharged more deeply [
15] to choose the bi-directional converter’s operating mode (boost or buck). The PV array and FC were used as the primary and secondary sources, accordingly, while the SC and BSS were used as energy storage elements to satisfy load demand. They contrasted their control method to a traditional control scheme dependent on the PI controller in a variety of time models. Experimental work is still needed. Therefore, in [
16], a PV/wind/battery micro-grid HES with a two-layer Energy Management Strategy was studied, in which they used convex modeling in the upper EMS layer to predict PV wind power production and load demand. The bottom EMS layer was devoted to the power distribution, which required to be provided through various sources of an HES employing a predictable model and trying to roll out the horizon control strategy. The key disadvantages of the aforementioned energy management strategy for the various HES configurations are slower converge speed, particularly for the system that requires an optimized objective function [
17], and others are dependent on process variables and suffering from a voltage stability challenge throughout varying power reference. Analytical modeling has been carried out in [
18] to investigate the influence of many parameters, such as the porosity, unit cell aspect ratio, fiber radius, and molar concentration, on the transverse permeability of the gas diffusion layer (GDL). The fibrous porous media (porosity and fiber radius), the zeta potential, and the electrolyte solution’s physical properties have been clearly stated in the suggested modeling. A comparison was made between the results obtained from the proposed modeling and the results of a number of previous literature studies, and it was found that there is a great relative match between these results. To measure the efficient electrolyte diffusivity in porous media while taking into account the influence of electrical double layer (EDL), fractal modeling of the porous media’s fractal theory and capillary model have been suggested in [
19]. The proposed modeling specifically addresses the electro-kinetic parameters as well as the porous media’s microstructural parameters. To verify the validity of the results, a comparison was made between the modeling results and data for the results of an experimental study. It was found that there is an acceptable match between these results. In this paper, an investigative study on hybrid energy systems of PV, wind, electrolyzer, and PEM fuel cells was conducted in the Bahr Al-Najaf region. Bahr Al-Najaf region is an area located exactly in the Al-Nour region in southern Iraq. This region is characterized by a hot, dry climate in the summer, so the total demand for electricity consumed in this region increases. Also, it is suffering from the problem of the difficulty of providing electricity in an accessible way. The reason for this is because the total dependence in the supply of electric power is to extend national high-voltage lines that transmit electrical energy over long distances. Therefore, the losses of electrical energy across these long lines are relatively high, especially at the peak demand on hot summer days. The process of making the system hybrid was undertaken because wind and solar energy cannot be available at all times, so they are combined to enhance the power production from the system. The wind and PV energy systems are complementary because not all days are sunny or windy, or for use at night, so this system has higher reliability to provide continuous generation [
20]. In the studied HES, the energy resulting from wind turbines or photovoltaic arrays can be used to produce hydrogen using an electrolyzer in the fuel cell which works in parallel with the other systems [
21]. In addition to the HOMER simulation, a mathematical model of PEMFC was proposed as well as numerical method simulation, which is used for the purpose of analyzing the performance of the suggested hybrid energy system. A dynamic simulation model was developed that explains the design and analysis of this system and the monitoring and analysis of system performance for the solar system, and the output constant voltage is evaluated within the AC/DC exchanger and connected with the other components of the system [
22].